Вт, 29 дек 2015 Автор: Лариса Матушевская
Onions – one of the few plants that are used in the course “and tops,
and roots. In addition to its culinary qualities, onions have healing
properties and is widely used not only in cooking, but also in
traditional medicine.
Thanks to its ability to tolerate low temperatures,
growing onions at home has long ceased to be
prerogative of the southern regions only. But, несмотря на
prevalence and popularity, onions are demanding of conditions
growing and has many “detractors” capable of significantly
spoil the yield.
Contents
Growing onions at home: the choice of planting
of the material
Лук является двухлетним растением. For
bulb cultivation use seeds. With посадке вызревшей
bulbs next year you can get a new seed
material.
For вызревания лука требуется длительный теплый
период. therefore выращивать репчатый лук из семян
It turns out only in the southern regions. For средней полосы более
acceptable way to produce bulbs in two years. With этом в первый
year from the seeds are grown onion sets, and already from it for the next season
получают при посадках достойный урожай onions.
Onions are grown not only for bulbs, but also for greens.
Выбор посадочного of the material лука для выращивания в домашних
условиях зависит, прежде всего, от целей
landing.
Choosing onion seeds
Choosing onion seeds, you need to focus on varietal quality
посадочного of the material. Today 357 varieties are registered
various onions, of which 199 – onion. Of course easy
get confused in this variety. But следует помнить, что лучший
harvest can be obtained only from zoned varieties. Bow sharply
reacts to the length of daylight, temperature indicators. therefore
sweet varieties of onions are grown only in the south. In more northern
regions cultivated onions with a semi-sharp and spicy taste.
Choosing a bow set
Onion sets fervent gardeners try to grow
independently, which allows significant savings on boarding
material and be confident in its quality. Withобретая лук-севок на
market or store, pay attention to how it looks,
so on size.
Instead of an onion set, enterprising merchants can sell small
rejected two year old onions unsuitable for good
crops. Also the quality of the bulbs affects the temperature
storage. If sevok was stored at low temperatures less than +5 C,
instead of good bulbs, he can go to the arrows.
Onion sets are divided into categories, depending on its
size:
• ovusjug – the smallest, refers to a non-standard and has
diameter less than 1.0 cm;
• sets of the first category with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 cm;
• the second category – 1.5-3 cm;
• samples – the largest planting material and has a diameter
больше 3 cm.
Onion sets for planting
ABOUTпределиться с величиной посадочной луковички можно,
following the rules:
1.•For подзимней посадки для получения репчатого лука берут
osyuzhok – it does not lie down until spring and can dry.
2.•ABOUTсенью и весной высаживают севок первой категории, из него
It turns out the best onions.
3.•For выгонки зеленого пера подойдут луковички больше 1,5 см, к
They include sets of the second category and samples.
Посадочные луковички проверяют на наличие плесени,
elongated tails, rotten roots. Such material
immediately rejected, from it not only the harvest does not work, but also
diseases can be brought in your own garden.
It is advisable to cut a few onions. it позволит увидеть
number of ovaries. For репчатого лука хорош материал с одной
seed lobe. But for abundant greenery it is better to choose sets with
a large number of rudiments.
How to grow onions in the greenhouse at home?
At home there is a great opportunity to grow
onions year-round. For this его высаживают в greenhouses. Greenhouse
conditions are good for forcing a bow on a green feather. Conditions
cultivation depends on the type of greenhouse and its capabilities
heating.
Growing onions at home in the cold
greenhouses
Greenhouse сооружения, в которых не предусмотрено дополнительное
heating, suitable for sub-winter landing of onions. Such an approach
allows you to use the land in a greenhouse rationally. Removing early
spring onion planting, others can be planted at the same place
culture.
Soil preparation. We are starting to prepare the soil for
growing onions at home in advance. For this перед
we dig up fertilizers by digging up the beds. Manure can be applied as well
смесь из 30 gr. суперфосфата с добавлением 15 gr. potassium chloride from
calculation per 1 m2. The soil is carefully digged and
aligned.
Planting bulbs. Plant bulbs begin in
October, before frosts, so that they can take root, but
do not go to growth. Betweenрядья для посадки лука предусматриваем 2—2,5
cm. Глубина посадки не более 4 cm.
We control the depth of the onion
Грядки, с высаженным посевным материалом укрываем любым
природным утеплителем, слой which should be about 3
see With the onset of frost, we increase the layer of insulation to 20
cm.
Care. In March, we clean the onion beds from snow and
insulation. We install protective film constructions. Further
care involves abundant watering, taking into account the drying of the earth, and
also feeding. For fertilizer use urea at the rate of 15
gr. per square meter.
Harvesting. Already at the end of April you can
start harvesting. When reaching a feather of 20 cm, onion
greens are collected together with onions.
Growing onions at home in heated
greenhouses
Having a good greenhouse with glazing or polycarbonate can
do year-round onion cultivation at home. But
this will require additional heating and lighting.
Soil preparation. To save space and
Convenience care better bow planted not in the ground, and in the prepared
boxes or boxes. In this case, they can be installed in
several tiers. Tara fill with land from the garden or peat.
Before planting, pour the ground with warm water to warm it up.
Planting bulbs. For forcing green onions in
теплице берем лук-сеянку, оптимальный диаметр которого больше 3 cm.
To accelerate growth, before planting the bulbs, we warm up at
temperature of about 400 C. It is possible for this for several hours.
soak in water. Cut off the neck of the bulbs and place them in the boxes
tightly to each other. It is not necessary to deeply deepen the onions into the soil.
Care. After landing, we lay the ground on four
day sacking, it will warm planting and bulbs faster
to move in growth. Further уход предусматриваем постоянные поливы
and fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizer.
Favorable temperature conditions for the growth of onions in the greenhouse
supported by adjustable heating and must
be:
• in the daytime: 18-200 C;
• at night: 12-150 C.
К уборке урожая можно приступать уже через
месяц. What is the green feather cut off or removed?
plantings completely.
Growing onions from seeds at home
Growing onions from seeds is a bit more complicated than from onion sets.
The process requires a longer time. Therefore, seed
growing more often used to produce onion sets. If decided
you can still harvest onions from seeds in one season
use one of three options:
• sow seeds in the ground before winter;
• apply spring planting in open ground;
• grow onions with seedlings.
Landing dates are different in each case:
1. • Spring work on the crumbs nhernushki carried out immediately after
thawing soil. Only in this case before the onset of cold weather.
bulbs have time to ripen.
2. • Seedlings begin to cook in late February. Grown up
plants are planted in the ground with the onset of warm days in
April
3. • Sowing of seeds in the autumn is carried out on the frozen soil. In that
If they do not have time to grow to stable frosts, and with the first
on warm days they will immediately start growing.
Regardless of the method of growing onions at home from
seeds, we prepare beds in advance. To do this, we dig them in the fall and
add mineral fertilizers to the earth in the form of urea or
organic matter like compost or peat. Bow – loves warmth and good
lighting. Therefore, onion beds need to have on lit
places, but avoiding drafts.
Предшественники для луковых посадок — это
tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers. But in one place onion is better not
disembark and return it to the landing site not earlier than after
four years. Crop rotation will prevent disease and
will improve the yield.
Seed preparation for planting
Further speed depends on the correctness of seed preparation.
germination and crop quality. This stage must be given
due attention:
1. • Check seed germination. For this we take up
20 seeds and maintain them for up to three weeks on a damp cloth. ABOUT
good germination rate will say the number of samples,
which must be at least 80%.
2. • It is possible to destroy pathogens of fungal diseases,
treating the seeds with potassium permanganate.
3. • To speed up germination, soak the seeds in warm water.
up to 18 hours.
4. • Stimulants that
добавляют при замачивании из расчета 1 gr. on a spoon.
5. • Before sowing, seeds are removed from the water and dried. Over 20
minutes, the moisture will evaporate and the seeds will be loose and suitable for
landing.
After the preparatory work is done, you can proceed to
sowing niks.
Ground sowing
As soon as the snow melts and the soil thaws, you can proceed to
work. On the beds prepared from autumn, we make rows, depth
которых не должна превышать 2 cm. Between грядками предусматриваем
расстояние до 20 cm. Семена опудриваем мелом, можно воспользоваться
tooth powder. So it will be easier to control the location of the seeds.
We sow Chernushka quite sparse, at the rate of 80 seeds per one
meter.
For присыпания поверх семян используем органику
in the form of humus, sawdust or peat. Слой не должен быть больше 2 cm.
Immediately after planting seeds do not water the beds. May appear
a crust that would prevent the weak shoots from turning.
When two appear real leaves, proceed to
прореживанию. Remove weak sprouts. Stronger ones
gently transplant to new beds, using as seedlings.
Расстояние между всходами оставляем до 2 cm.
Второе прореживание предусмотрено при появлении
4 sheets. In that случае расширяем расстояние до 5 cm. А вырванные
sprouts used in food.
Onion loves moisture. Therefore do not allow
drying up of the soil. Water the onions when grown at home.
conditions regularly until mid-July. But не стоит и
overdo. With an excess of moisture may begin to rot
bulbs and multiply infection. Fertilize onions throughout the season.
two times with nitrogen mixtures.
We start cleaning at the beginning or in the middle of September, when
all the leaves will fall. The crop needs to be dried. It’s possible
do it right on the beds in another dry place under a canopy.
Growing seedlings from onion seeds at home
Extend the growing season, and also significantly save
planting material can sow nagging on seedlings. For this
works begin to conduct in early March. Seedlings can
grow both in the greenhouse and in the house.
The boxes are filled with soil mixture, which is mixed with
peat or fertilized with potassium chloride superphosphate. We sow
prepared by the above scheme planting material in boxes
рядками, между которыми предусматриваем расстояние до 5 cm.
Before the emergence of shoots, we maintain the temperature not lower than +250 C.
When the first shoots appear, we reduce the temperature in the afternoon to +120 C,
and at night to +80 C. In four days we create the best
temperature conditions for growing onions at home,
which ranges from + 15 to + 180 C. To extend the light
day use fluorescent lamps.
We plant seedlings in the ground at the end of April, when on plants
сформировались 4 настоящих листика с высотой до 15 cm. With
transplanting on a bed we remove feathers by a third of the length, and roots up to 2
cm.
На garden beds рассада высаживается через пять cm. Через пару дней
we water the planted seedlings and gently loosen the earth.
Growing onions on a feather at home
Зеленое перо лука можно вырастить как на garden beds и в greenhouses,
so in the conditions of a city apartment. Homemade onion cultivation
the pen is also possible in winter conditions, for which it is planted in boxes
with land or just sprouting in water tanks.
Feather can be obtained not only from onions.
Удобно для получения зелени выращивать
Perennial varieties of onions, which include:
• onion batun;
• onions slizun;
• chives;
• tiered bow.
Good greens come from shallot-type varieties of onions,
Armazansky, Bessonovskogo, Rostovsky, Amber varieties
onions.
Planting is carried out as seed material, and
onions. For good greens choose
луковички, имеющие несколько завязей.
Onion greens are quite demanding for lighting. therefore
грядки располагайте на незатененных местах, а в greenhouses и в
apartments, if necessary, use additional
lighting.
ABOUTсобых требований к почве при выращивании лука в домашних
pen conditions do not exist. But подкормить ее до посадки навозом
or mineral nitrogen fertilizers can be.
Planting onions in the ground begin after heating the soil in
April, the podzimny landing is carried out in October before the onset
frosts.
If onions are grown from seeds for greens, planting is done on
frozen ground.
Onion planting can be done in two ways:
1. • The bridge method provides a dense arrangement of heads,
which are sprinkled on top with earth or peat.
2. • When using the ribbon method, the bulbs are planted in the grooves. Between
ними расстояние должно быть не меньше 4 cm.
Ribbon method of landing onions
В период вегетации зеленый лук постоянно поливают, не
allowing drying out. With a lack of moisture, feathers begin
fade. Top dressing needs to be made after green cutting. it
allow the bulbs to loosen and give a new crop. For this
use urea or nitromafosku.
Также постоянно рыхлите почву. it позволит
saturate the soil with air. And timely removal of weeds
prevent the development of diseases and soil depletion.
How to deal with pests when growing onions?
Significantly spoil the crop or even destroy it can
many pests:
Onion fly. Insect is activated in the spring,
laying the larvae near the onion beds or directly on
onions. The larvae move into the flesh and destroy the plant. With
this foliage withers, and the fruit begins to rot and smell unpleasant.
Onion damaged by onion fly
Onion moth. The best conditions for its development
is hot and dry weather. The larvae feed onion juice from
leaves, where they lay adults.
Root Tick. Destroys the root system as
during the growing season, and during storage. Onions fade and
crumble.
Onion behind the scenes. it мелкие жучки,
which bite into the pulp of the bulbs, making grooves and moves.
For pest control, use not only chemical
drugs, but also simple guidelines for growing and
folk recipes:
1. • Observe crop rotation, not planting bulbous on one
place
2. • Before planting seed in the form of onion sets, soak in
saline solution. it отпугнет вредителей.
3. • Saline solutions can be watered beds when insects
in the spring lay the larvae.
4. • Loosen the soil in a timely manner. Insects and larvae more difficult
move on loose earth.
5. • Remove weeds. ABOUTни являются рассадником для вредоносных
organisms.
6.•ABOUTтгребайте землю от луковых шеек. So you can
make it difficult to lay off the larvae.
7. • Plant carrots next to onions. Onion fly does not tolerate
her smell.
For soil decontamination, you can use blue vitriol, from
которого готовят раствор (25—30 gr. на ведро воды). During
Bulk sprouting onions are sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. it помогает
rid not only of pests, but also from fungal
diseases.
You can use biological preparations of the type.
Фитоверма, Агровертина, которыми опрыскивают
plants several times during the season.
Onions are subject to fungal diseases in the form of:
• переноспороза (ложной мучнистой росы),
spreading through the foliage in the form of light, turning into
brown spots;
• ржавчины, которая полностью заставляет
dry the foliage;
• фузариоза, поражающего корневую систему.
In the fight against fungal diseases use the same measures.
prevention, as from pests. From drugs you can try
process landing Gliokladinom, Fitosporin-M, Alirin,
Gamair.
Biological preparations do not accumulate in the onion and it can
use for use after two days.
Pay enough attention to the onion plantings, loosen and
water, feed and destroy pests on your table
there will always be fresh greens, and in a closet winter stocks of onions.
