Thu, 07 Jan 2016
In winter, fruit trees and berry bushes of different varieties in this or that
otherwise damaged by frost, suffer from vibrations
temperature and other factors. These tips will help
amateur gardeners, especially those who have recently started
gardening, save the garden and get a rich harvest in the future.
first of all from frosts: the aboveground part most often suffers
plants. Apple trees and pears are covered with annual branches and shoots,
fruit bags, trunks and branching skeletal branches. By the trees
stone fruits often freeze out fruit buds, and
also the ends of annual shoots. In severe winters completely freezes
above ground part of the stone tree trees along the snow line
cover. If not, the soil temperature may drop to
-9-16 ° С, and then the root ones are damaged and even die (freeze)
parts of trees of different species.
In addition, dangerous injuries such as
sunburns, as well as cold bore trunks and forks
skeletal branches. With freezers on the bark, you can see deep
longitudinal cracks of different lengths. Bark along cracks flaking
from wood, increasing wound size. Most of all suffer from it
trees that did not grow in time and did not ripen in them
wood. The degree of damage depends on age, grade, and
from the height of the tree trunk.
Berry crops also suffer from frost. In snowless and
winters with little snow at an air temperature of minus 13–16 ° C strongly
strawberry plantations are damaged or freeze out completely, and in winters with
Raspberry stands are often killed by sharp fluctuations in temperature.
Currant and gooseberry are characterized by high frost resistance.
Their root system withstands temperatures up to 18 degrees
frost.
To increase the winter hardiness of fruit trees, it is necessary to create
conditions for intensive plant growth at the beginning of the growing season
period and timely completion of wood ripening processes
and accumulation of nutrients in the second half of the growing season with
subsequent transition to a state of rest. Great value for this
has an optimal uniform water supply of plants for
all summer and autumn. Under these conditions, it is very significant
improves the physiological state of trees and bushes that
contributes to their winter hardiness.
Growing a garden with uneven or limited
moisture and drought, on the contrary, worsens the condition of plants that
as a result, they end up growing early. A premature
cessation of growth reduces their winter hardiness. Limited and
uneven moistening, like waterlogging in the garden
causes damage to the bark of the trunks and branches of the branches
sunburns, to the freezing of the root system.
Nitrogen fertilizers applied in early spring or late autumn in
required doses (600-900 g per hundred, depending on fertility
soil), also contribute to improving the properties of tissues, which reduces
negative effect of overheating and reduces the chance of damage
trees. Fertilizing improves plant growth,
contributes to the accumulation of nutrients, increasing
winter hardiness.
Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers increase the resistance of bark tissues and
cambium to adverse environmental factors. Trees
systematically fed by them (900 g of phosphorus and 120 g of potassium per
weave), less damaged by sunburn. Danger of winter
damage grows after a strong rejuvenating pruning of trees,
the result of which growth processes are enhanced, and tissue is not
ripen. Only moderate pruning ensures normal growth.
one-year shoots and timely completion of growth processes,
which contributes to frost resistance.
Most of all experience winter damage to the late variety of apple trees.
maturity, especially Rennet Simirenko, Idared, Jonathan; of
autumn varieties – Rennet Landsbergsky, Parmen golden.
An important technique that reduces damage to the trunk and
ramifications of skeletal tree branches, is a live bait not
winter hardy varieties in the crown of trees resistant varieties. High
winter hardiness among varieties of apple trees is noted: Antonovka, and among
pears – forest pear. Freezers and sunburns often
cherries, plums, apricots are damaged. Therefore, it is important to choose for
growing seedlings of the most frost and winter-hardy varieties.
Учитывать следует и то, что больше повреждений, чем нofкоштамбовые,
experiencing vyshoshtambovye trees.
To resist frost and sunburn of trees,
it is necessary to reduce the sharp fluctuations in temperature in the bark tissues
trunk and branches on sunny days in winter and spring, limit access
intense sunlight to the surface bark tissues. Together with
формированием деревьев с нofкими штамбами добиться этого можно и
several more ways.
Late in the fall (late November — early December) trunks and
branches of the skeletal branches of young and fruitful trees whiten
20-процентным ofвестковым раствором или ofвесткой с добавлением
copper sulphate (2 kg of lime, 500 g of vitriol per bucket of water).
Water-based paint can also be used (BC-511, EVA-27A,
VD-KCH-577), which is applied to the surface of trees in the fall to
the onset of frosts and keeps them up to three years, protecting from
burns. It is advisable to spray the whole crown with lime milk.
Then the bark of all branches will be protected from sunburn.
tree trunk, and also fruit buds. Especially useful to spray
the whole crown of trees such as apricot, sweet cherry, winter varieties
apple trees.
To prevent damage to young tree trunks,
it is recommended to tie them for the winter with reeds, sunflower stalks,
corn, thick white paper. Most expedient for
tying trees to use different polymeric materials –
perforated (with holes) milky-white polyethylene
films that retain their mechanical properties for 4-5 years.
Tying should be loosened regularly so that
the growth of the trunk in width between the film and the surface of the bark of the trunk
there was a space of 1-2 cm. This is done for normal
gas exchange. But it is best to use plasticized mesh,
which withstand 5-6 years of continuous use.
It is not advisable to tie trees with solid transparent and
dark colored polymer films, roofing felt,
because then as a result of the “greenhouse effect” strongly
heated bark. So, at air temperature minus 2-3
bark temperature can rise to plus 30, which even leads to
death of trees. To protect the trunks from sunburn and
by no means damage to young trees by rodents
apply oil and other substances containing fats. Fat penetrates into
tissue, violates gas exchange and leads to the death of bark tissue cells
cambium.
In snowless and snowless winters to protect the root system from
freezing out (especially on light sandy soils) is used
mulching pristvolny circles peat, sawdust, humus layer
10-12 cm. If enough snow fell, it is poured and
tamped around the trunk of trees, make snow trees,
set up shields so that when melting snow melt water does not flow on
the curb. Grapes, lemongrass, actinidia, roses should be inclined to
ground and cover with snow, sawdust, peat.
