Вт, 23 фев 2016 Автор: ЕвгенийGrammatikati
Soybean is a bushy annual culture up to 100 cm tall.
Вырастить ее на участке возле дома, при правильном careе не
will work.
С помощью этого растения можно улучшить почву на
грядке.
Nodule bacteria, at its roots, accumulate nitrogen from
atmosphere and translate it into a mineral form that is suitable for
plant nutrition.
This is a great predecessor, after which others grow well
cultures, soy is drought-resistant, developed root system supplies
the plant is moisture, and the pubescent leaves protect it from airborne
drought.
Но все же максимальный урожай можно получить
only with optimal moisture provision. Soy grows better on
nutritious and drained, well-lit area.
Contents
Growing soy. Selection of planting material, seeds
Choosing the right variety for your region is one of the most important
условий для выращивания достойного harvest. It is advisable to pick up 2-3
varieties differing in the duration of the growing season, resistance to
pests and diseases.
Arcadia Odessa
One of the varieties with the highest protein content in our country,
early maturity, the growing season lasts 105-115 days. This grade
soy gives more than other beans and green mass. Plant seeds
yellow, oval, weight of 1 thousand pieces approximately 160-190 g. Sowing
produce with a row spacing of 45 cm, spend 60 seeds per 1 m2.
Odessa 124
Derived by irradiation of Peremoga variety seed.
gamma rays. The main advantage of this variety is responsiveness to
use of intensive farming and increased resistance to
drought. Plants высокого роста, с фиолетовыми цветами,
growing season 107 days.
Altair
The variety is valuable for its precocity, which makes it possible to grow
him in many regions of the country. Ripens 8-9 days earlier than
most common varieties, yields a stable crop in any
year. The variety is resistant to viral, bacterial and most fungal.
diseases.
Chernoburai
Variety bred as a result of multiple selection of the population
Manchu and L 89-10. In addition to high productivity, resistant to
germination and early growth to cold, during generative
периода хорошо противостоит drought. Vegetation period 119 days, without
irrigation plants have surpassed many varieties in yield. In the steppe, you can
start cleaning in August, so you can guarantee
to sow winter wheat. Seeds are small, which gives
the ability to reduce the number of seeds for sowing.
Mariana
High-yielding variety, the growing season continues in
for 117 days. Seeds are large, weight is 1 thousand pieces, 177.3 g, plants
tall to 80 cm, resistant to shedding and lodging. Sort
Mariana характеризуется высокой способностью связывать азот из
air, oily seeds, oil content up to 26.2%.
Growing soy. Sowing and planting (timing, feeding, shelter,
temperature, soil, etc.)
Sowing soybeans produced in well-moistened areas with little
the amount of weeds – after growing corn for greens or
silage, spring and winter crops, and after perennial or annual
herbs Cultures, taking out a large amount of moisture from the soil
(Sudanese, sorghum, corn for grain, beets and sunflower), not
suitable for sowing soybeans without irrigation. Do not sow it next to
legumes or leguminous crops, these plants
many similar diseases and pests.
Sowing begins after the ground warms to 9-10 degrees.
In cold and too wet soil, seeds do not germinate for a long time,
sow this crop after corn and winter crops. It is necessary to take into account that
when the soil heats up quickly, it is fashionable to start planting at a temperature
soil 6-8 degrees.
Огромное значение имеет защита всходов сои от
spring frosts, they instantly destroy it. Optimal term
sowing can be defined as follows: from the possible in your region
freeze you need to take 7 days, the date will be the most
suitable sowing date. Until this time, sow very
risky. It is important not to forget about the temperature of the soil: if suitable
planting dates, but the ground has not yet warmed up, then it is impossible to begin planting.
The grain will lie in the soil for a long time, at which time the threat increases.
contamination of seeds by pests and diseases.
Soybean bilobate culture, during germination sprout should
bring cotyledons to the surface of the soil, as a result of this culture
сильно реагирует на глубину посева. Not important
bury them too much, optimally immerse the seeds by 3-5 cm,
maximum 6 cm. Seeding deeper, possible or not at all
see seedlings, or they will be very rare, affected by various
diseases. During germination the main thing is to save at depth
3-4 cm moisture accumulated in winter. The best way to preserve moisture
is gentle loosening of the plot. Very good if the soil is covered
mulch
В первую очередь сеют поздние сорта, последby them высевают ранние
varieties. Most ripening plants are sown with row spacings of 15-30 cm
and 30-45 cm mid-season, late-ripening placed with row spacing
40-60 cm
Sowing produced pickled and treated with rhizotorphine
(preparation of nodule bacteria) seeds.
Способ расчета количество семян для посева Нв =
G * M / P; P = S * H / 100; Where:
1. Hv – the number of seeds for sowing, kg / ha;
2. G – density, million pieces. / ha;
3. H – purity, in%
4. C – germination,%;
5. P – sowing capacity, in%;
6. M – weight of 1 thousand seeds,
Growing soy. Care, feeding
The site for sowing soybeans, you must first prepare,
осенью вносят удобрения, лущат грунт на 8-10 см
depth. If before this, corn grew on the plot, then after
fertilizers of soil, a bed dig up 25-30 cm in depth if
grain, then to a depth of 22-25 cm. after melting snow and drying
the ground is harrowed across the plow.
Главная цель подготовки почвы — сохранить влагу
and destroy the seedlings of weeds. If the plot is not leveled
in the fall, and if there are a lot of weeds on it, in the spring they are cultivated
plot 6-8 cm deep and roll the ground. This makes it possible
increase the temperature of the upper layer by 2-3 degrees, so
weed seeds begin to germinate and then easier to destroy.
The bed for sowing soybeans should be lump free and very even – in soybeans
the beans grow low and the uneven surface of the plot makes it difficult to collect
harvest.
To create 1 kg of seeds from the soil is taken out with a bush of soy 25 g
potassium, 40 g of phosphorus and 90 g of nitrogen. Soil fertilizer
complex fertilizer N30-45, P60-90, K45-60 together with the introduction
manure (2-2.5 kg per hundred) significantly increases the yield of plants.
Do not use a good soybean crop without using nitrogen fertilizer.
is impossible. Making ammophos directly into the rows is effective.
the time of sowing culture (at the rate of 4-5 g per hundred). Plants
responsive to fertilizing with boron and molybdenum (conveniently
process the seeds simultaneously with inoculation with rhizotorphine).
In the soil on the site should be as many nodule
bacteria. This can be achieved using the inoculation method. Plot
on which soybean grew last season, already has the necessary
количество bacteria.
Soil pH is of great importance, the optimum acidity level
6,28 pH. If the acidity is less than 5.6, soybean sow on such a plot without
liming is not worth it. To find out the real pH level,
it is necessary to analyze, preferably with the help of proven
laboratories.
Участок обрабатывают почвенными гербицидами, перед
посевом, используя для их заделки бороны. If on the site
rhizomatous weeds grow, then processing before seeding
it is not worth spending, it is better to wait until the green grass grows
weight up to 10-15 cm, then treat the bed and sow soybean.
В большинстве регионов посев сои производят в конце
апреля. The seed density of soybean seeds is 35-40 pieces per m2, with
row spacing of 40-60 cm, if the distance between the rows is greater,
This is sown 10-20% more soybean seeds.
When the first seedlings appear you need to loosen regularly.
row spacing and exterminating weeds. After forming 5-6 leaves
plants are throwing flowers, at this time you need on a plot with soy
Close up the nitrophoska in the ground and water the garden plentifully. Harvest
must be cleaned after the leaves start to crumble on the bushes
and on the beans appear a gray tint. Before digging
the stalk bed is pulled out, and the fallen leaves are buried in the ground for
overheating. The beans are threshed to dry in the sun, they are in it
time are revealed and partially husked, after which their
finally threshed, sweep and lay on
storage.
Farmers were convinced in their experience to plant and grow soybeans –
not difficult. Harder to harvest grown beans, you need them
убрать в короткие сроки (отдельные сорта начинают
crack and crumble after 3-5 days).
Growing soy. Major pests and ways to combat
by them
There are several large groups of soybean pests subdivided by
damage and by periods of soybean development:
1. Pests of seedlings and sprouts;
2. Pests of certain parts of the culture;
3. Pests of young (emerging) seeds;
4. Pests of seeds in storage.
For many insects, division according to these parameters is arbitrary.
Ростковая мушка. The larva is 4-5 mm long,
off-white or yellowish, widening from the back
parties. In the soil, it bites into the seeds, which causes
a large loss of seedlings (loss of 20%). Through a small
time the larva eats the cotyledons, the stalk and the growing point, creating
under the skin moves. It is recommended to sow seeds shallowly in
wet soil, and add to seedbed fertilizer
hexachlorane.
Soy leaf beetle. Small beetle, 5-6 mm long,
yellow-colored larvae with dark spots, can grow up to 10 mm.
This pest is very dangerous for soybean sprouts, the larvae gnaw
cotyledons, and eating deep grooves on the stems. Soy leaf beetle
severely harms soybean crops in areas located near
the woods.
Соевая блошка. Small bugs about 3 mm
long, yellow color on their wings visible 2 dark strokes.
The flea gnaws the cotyledons at young shoots, eats the stem,
growth point and the first leaves. Damage visible very well –
little ones round holes on the leaves and damage on the stems.
In summer, the pest gnaws a hole in the beans and feeds
seeds.
Клубеньковый долгоносик. Brown beetles
colors, 3.5-4.5 mm long, with a thick and short head. Practically
all legumes eat cotyledons, and the first leaves, activity
pest increases significantly during warm weather. Strong
damaged plants, significantly lagging behind in growth. White larvae
without legs, they eat nodules on the roots, reducing fixation
atmospheric nitrogen. Beetles wait out the winter in the topsoil and under
plant residues. The fight is to destroy the beetles,
besides agrotechnical methods, for this purpose they use insecticides, and
the placement of soybean crops in the distance of crops of leguminous perennials, since
in these places the pest can wait out the winter.
Проволочники. Larvae click beetles, their body
yellow color up to 25 mm. The pest does in stalks and
swollen seeds moves. Characteristic nibbling stalk near
root. Damaged seeds do not germinate and rot, damaged seedlings
are dying. In wide-row crops, plants are significantly smaller.
damaged by pest. To destroy the wireworm in the ground
make phosphate flour with 25% hexachlorane. It is advisable
process seed 12% hexachlorane, positively
affected by plowing.
Совка ипсилон. Large caterpillars, gray,
50 mm long, the pest gnaws young shoots, later gnaws
only leaves. In the daytime the pest is in the soil under
a plant. The pest damages cabbage, sunflower, soybeans,
tobacco, beets.
Красноголовая шпанка. Black beetles, with soft
with elytra and red head, they devour the cotyledons, gnawing
stalks, ruin shoots. Beetles, moreover, completely eat up
leaves, eat flowers and small twigs.
