Чт, 11 фев 2016 Автор: Елизавета Шатунова
Тыква — теплолюбивая культура.
It shows excellent growth rates only in the southern
regions, since it suspends its development at
temperatures below +15 C.
But in a temperate climate, if you follow the rules of care, at the end
season you can harvest a bountiful harvest of vegetables.
And they are kept until spring. Choose the appropriate grade,
prepare the plot and you can start planting.
Contents
Pumpkin varieties
Тыква — однолетнее plant. Depending on the varietal
accessories, fruits can have a different shape, size and color.
Для удобства фермеров и селекционеров everything сорта культуры
divided by type:
• Столовая тыква. The most common type
which survives well in temperate climates. Fruits are used
for culinary purposes and for livestock feed. Their pulp is moderately juicy, with
by fibers. Popular varieties are Spray Orange, Gribovskaya
bush 189, Altai Pumpkin 47, Spaghetti.
• Мускатная тыква. Varieties of this species are considered
the most delicious. In the middle latitudes to grow them is not easy, because
the plant loves plenty of sunshine and fever.
The pumpkin ripens much later – until the fruit is fully ripe
It takes at least 140 days. Popular varieties are Pearl, Muscat,
Vitamin
• Крупноплодная тыква. Fruits are larger
representatives of other species. Often the culture is grown only in
fodder, but many varieties are suitable for cooking.
A distinctive feature of a large pumpkin is good keeping quality (up to 7
month). Popular varieties – Gribovskaya winter, gray Volga.
When choosing a variety, be sure to consider its winter hardiness, since
not each of them can withstand severe cooling. Also very
It is important that the fruits have time to ripen before the onset of autumn
frosts, and they can begin in the north in September.
Varieties for resistance to cold:
• Baby, Amazon, Volga gray – for growing in the south.
• Adagio, Healing, Altai – for growing in the north.
• Gribovskaya bush, Smile, Freckle, Russian woman – for
growing in temperate climates.
Что касается вкусовых качеств тыквы, то тут everything зависит от
personal preference. Many varieties are mostly universal – their
used for the preparation of cereals, juices, salads. But there are
special, designed for children’s and diet menu –
Amazon, Almond, Children’s delicacy, Dawn.
Growing a pumpkin. Soil preparation for planting
When choosing a place for planting pumpkins make sure that the site was
well lit by the sun and not blown by strong winds. Vegetable will
develop poorly in the marshland. If the soil is on the plot
acidified, when digging add ash or lime. Also
consider crop rotation:
• Хорошие предшественники тыквы — everything сидераты, лук, бобовые,
cabbage.
• Bad pumpkin precursors – potatoes, sunflowers, zucchini and
squash, cucumber, melon.
Pumpkin is not demanding on the composition of the soil. The only conditions
that must be observed before planting – digging and fertilizer
land. Rummage the soil to a depth of 27-35 cm immediately after cleaning
previous crops – so he will not lose moisture during the winter. In spring
dig up the beds with the addition of
fertilizer – manure can be used in a mixture with mineral
feedings.
Глубина лунок — 6-7 cm. Чтобы корневой системе каждой тыквы
there is enough space for normal development, keep the distance between
лунками не менее 90 cm. Многие фермеры сажают тыкву в шахматном
order – so the plants will not interfere with each other. If in the garden
light fertile soil for planting pumpkins do not have to do
beds – seeds fall directly into the hole. With heavy
It is better to prepare high beds in advance, so you can
protect the plant from excessive stagnant moisture in the area.
Growing a pumpkin. Seed preparation for planting
Buy seeds only in trusted stores or
specialized nurseries. Poor quality planting material
(drained, long kept) will lead to the fact that shoots
will appear late, and the pumpkin will not have time to ripen to the beginning of frosts.
Examine the information on the package – make sure that
the variety is suitable for growing in your area.
To speed up seed germination, they are better pre
dunk. 1-2 days keep planting material in wetted
rag, occasionally moistening it. Many gardeners use another
preparation technology – first the seeds are heated (for example, in
oven) at 40 ° C for 9 h, and then for 12 h wrapped in
cheesecloth dipped in ash solution.
Germinated Pumpkin Seed
It is advisable to check in advance, and if you bought quality
seeds. A few of them try to germinate. If the seeds are not
hatch, buy other stuff.
Planting pumpkin
The planting time of the pumpkin is individual and depends on the temperature on
the street. Onчинать посадочные работы следует только после того как
the soil will warm to at least 12-13 ° C. In the southern regions
germinated seeds are planted immediately in the ground somewhere in the middle of May:
• Pour 1-2 liters of warm water into pre-prepared wells.
(50 ° C).
• Once the water is absorbed into the ground, you can deepen
seeds.
• Sprinkle over the pits. Landing is better covered with foil to
create a greenhouse effect for plants. After a couple of weeks shelter
can be removed.
Grown pumpkin seedlings
In temperate and northern climates it is better to prepare in advance
seedlings, otherwise – the pumpkin will not have time to ripen. Exception to
But the pumpkin will be planted – it will be planted in any climatic conditions
only seedling way! Start training in April to
the seedlings had gained strength by the beginning of the season.
Technology training pumpkin seedlings:
• Take at least 0.5 L containers with nutritional
ground.
• Pit 5–7 cm deep. Dip the seeds in them and
sprinkle with earth.
• Water the seedlings regularly and feed the seedlings several times.
mineral fertilizers.
• Planting seedlings on a permanent place is not earlier
than a month after the first shoots. The scheme is the same as
in the case of planting seeds. The difference is only in the depth of the hole – up to 30
cm.
Transplanted pumpkin seedlings
There is another way to grow pumpkins, in which the root
the plant system will be in the greenhouse and the fruit will be in the open
ground. To do this in the southern part of the greenhouse (closer to the wall) make
лунки, заправьте их удобрениями и опустите в них seeds. When
seedlings grow to 50-60 cm in length, lift the film (you can
make cuts) and guide the lash to the area. In this case,
since the root system of the vegetable will be reliably protected from
frosts, landing can be carried out a week earlier than usual
term.
Scourge pumpkins greatly expand. And to save
space, you can use the original method of landing
cultures – in barrels. For this you will need old metal
barrels. Ideal – tank without bottom. If not
found, drill in the walls and bottom of a few holes for
removal of excess moisture. Barrel is better to paint in a dark color.
Install it in a sunny place and you can start preparing
nutrient substrate. Works begin in the fall or spring of the current.
of the season. Soil mixture is placed in a barrel on the principle of a warm bed.
The first layer is the ground mixed with weeds and small
amount of paper, twigs and stems. The second layer is the ground
mixed with compost, grass and foliage. While seedlings are being prepared
pumpkin, the nutrient substrate can be poured with an EM preparation to
microorganisms more quickly developed nutrients for
plants. Planting seedlings in barrels spend in May and June, when on
Stems are formed by 2-3 full leaf.
Growing pumpkins in a barrel
Growing a pumpkin. Pumpkin Care Rules
If you follow the rules of pumpkin care, at the end of the season you
collect a bountiful harvest of tasty healthy fruits. Denote
The main points in the agricultural technology of vegetables:
• Полив. Pumpkin endures drought, but
try to regularly moisten the soil, since for intense
growth she needs a lot of moisture. For watering use water with
temperature not lower than 20 ˚C, because the cold liquid plant
ruin! Before the procedure it is better to break through the soil to a depth of 10-12
cm. Осторожно — не повредите корневую систему.
• Подкормки. Fertilize several times in a season
pumpkin, so that by the autumn the vegetable has managed to absorb nutritious
substances. The first feeding can be done when the plant is
in phase 4-6 full leaflets – use a dry nitrophoska (10
g per 1 bush). The same substance, but in liquid form, can be fertilized
pumpkin at the very beginning of the formation of lashes. Responds well to pumpkin on
fertilizer ash, manure or mullein.
• Формирование. If you want to get good
harvest ripe fruit, plants need to form. When на плетях
there will be no excess ovaries, nutrients will be enough for maturation
full fruits. When forming a plant in one stem
remove all excess shoots and ovaries immediately after their formation. On
the lash itself leave no more than 2-3 knots. Pinch the stem after
3-4 leaflets following the last ovary. Formation in 2
the stem is done like this – 2 fruits are left on the main stem,
and on the side – only one. The tops also pinch.
Rules for the formation of lashes
• Присыпка плетей. If the whips get tangled in between
by itself, there will not be enough fruit
nutrients. Therefore, as soon as they reach a length of 1 m,
spread them out and gently spread them out on the ground in several places
a little sprinkled with primer. In the place where the stems are covered with earth,
further roots will appear – this additionally feeds on powerful
plant.
When убирать урожай?
Harvest time depends on climatic conditions. On юге
fruits ripen by September. But in temperate climates they can
clean from the beds only in October.
Signs of maturity pumpkin:
• drying of the stem,
• hard crust,
• saturated color peel.
Harvesting is carried out only in dry weather!
If by the onset of frost, the fruits did not have time to ripen, their everything
you still need to remove from the site – you will have to grow in artificial
conditions. For this 2-3 weeks, hold the pumpkin on a flat surface in
warm dry room (you can cover with a blanket).
Growing a pumpkin. Pumpkin Diseases and Pests
Improper pumpkin cultivation often causes
the emergence of diseases and the spread of insect pests. If not
to form plants or to pour over the beds, this will lead to
thickening of landings that will be a favorable environment for the development
harmful microorganisms and breeding bugs.
Denote опасные болезни тыквы:
• Бактериоз. Manifested in the form of small
sores on the cotyledons of the plant and stained on the leaves. If not on time
take action, foliage can suffer greatly, leading to death
everythingго куста. The disease is actively spreading with strong
temperature and humidity changes. Infected fruit better
clean from the beds. Treat landing as a preventative 1
Bordeaux fluid or 0.4% chlorine dioxide.
Manifestations of bacteriosis on pumpkin leaves
• White rot. The fungus infects stems, leaves and
fruits – over time, parts of the plant rot and die.
The disease manifests itself in the form of white bloom, which over time
getting dark. Actively distributed in high humidity.
Remove and burn affected parts of the plant and cut off
process with crushed coal or 0.5% copper solution
vitriol.
White rot
• Корневая гниль. Disease can lead to
total loss of landings. The roots and lashes become brown in color,
slow down their growth and gradually die off. Badly affected
copies can not be saved. Handle landing for prophylaxis
solution previkur.
Pumpkin Root Rot
Among pests, the pumpkin is often attacked by a spider mite and
melon aphid. To combat them, use special preparations.
Clearly follow the instructions on the package, as the fruits then go to
food. In order to prevent it, loosen the ground regularly and remove
weeds from the beds, inspect the leaves for the presence of larvae
insects.
