Sat, Mar 12, 2016
Genus of Dahlias (Dahlia) from the Compositae family
includes, according to different sources, from 4 to 24 types of perennial
tuberous plants. They come from the highlands of Mexico,
Guatemala, Colombia. Ancient indians wild chrysanthemums
were grown for their corms, which they ate.
However, once in Europe, they began to be used as decorative
plants, to create rabatok, borders, arrays, as well as
free compositions and group landings.
For the first time, European flower lovers met them in 1787
when the first dahlias were grown by the director of the Madrid
Botanical Gardens A. Cavanilles from seeds sent to him from
Mexico. From there, they spread throughout Europe, becoming one of
most fashionable flowers.
Today, most often in the gardens of our climate zone can
meet a changeable dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) with her
numerous forms that bloom in late summer and autumn.
Contents
Dahlia – growing and care
Best of all dahlias grow in the sun, protected from the cold and
strong winds with good air circulation, which
Sunlit at least 6 hours a day. Low and marshy
places for breeding these plants are not suitable, so if
the groundwater level exceeds 60 – 70 cm from the soil surface, then
need to raise the level of flower beds.
Dahlias need fertile structural and moisture-intensive soil.
In the pit for planting, the size of which should be 40X40 cm,
It is necessary to put a third of the bucket of manure, mixing it with a light
humus soil, 20 g. superphosphate and 1 tbsp. spoon ash.
The frequency of dahlia irrigation is determined by the ambient temperature.
environment and soil moisture. During the growing season the soil should be
loose and clean from weeds. Loosen it should be after each
watering or fertilizing. With the formation of buds, loosening is needed
stop and grind the soil with humus or peat.
Feeding dahlias is carried out on the basis of soil fertility and
plant development. As a rule, they are fed for the first time.
2 weeks after planting at the place of permanent cultivation
a solution of 10 liters of water and 1 liter mullein with 1 tbsp. urea spoon. For
the second feeding, which is carried out after another 10-12 days, is used
a solution of 10 liters of water, 2 tbsp. urea spoons and 1 tablespoon
complex mineral fertilizer. The third dressing, which
coincides with the period of budding, carried out with a solution prepared
from 10 l of water taken from 1 tbsp. with potassium sulfate,
superphosphate and nitroamofoskoy. The fourth dressing is carried out in
mid August. For приготовления раствора в 10 л воды нужно
dilute 2 tbsp. spoons nitrophoska and 1 tbsp. spoon superphosphate. When
plants appear buds, it needs to be sprayed several times
growth regulator, keeping the interval between treatments
a week
That dahlias have good inflorescences, their bushes form,
removing shoots that grow from the root during growth
neck, and breaking out stepchildren in the form of side shoots growing into
axils of leaves. If you do not, then the flowering plant will
later and weaker.
В октябре следует убирать георгины на зимнее
storage, which is usually carried out in the basement, with
temperature from 4 ° C to 8 ° C and humidity 70%, where they are placed in a little
wet peat or sand. Can store dahlia bulbs and in
apartment, providing them with appropriate conditions. When storing need
at least twice a month to inspect tubers, bulbs,
rhizomes to remove dead plants and lesions in time
diseases.
Георгины – пересадка и breeding
In the middle band dahlias can be planted in the open
ground from the end of the first decade of June, when there is no longer
chances that frosts may return. Plants in a row should
approximately 60-100 cm apart, and the row spacing
for group planting must be at least 100 cm. Neck
roots should be buried in the soil when planting 4-6 cm.
Plants that are grown by dividing root crops and
cuttings, before planting, you need to pour plenty of water, after which
move with a clod of earth in a prepared pit. When landing should
Immediately drive a stake up to one and a half meters in length
will be used for garter plants.
Dahlia propagated by cuttings and dividing the root tub.
The cutting is carried out from the end of February to the beginning of March, and in April
rooted cuttings planted in pots with a diameter of 8-10 cm and
pritenyat for several days. The plant is ready for planting in the ground,
if the height of his escape is from 20 to 30 cm, and the root
The system is well developed. Those who have not had the opportunity for
cutting dahlias in February-March, can do it in April,
planting tubers in the ground of warm greenhouses or greenhouses and cutting cuttings
just like in February. The height of the soil layer must be at least 15
см. For лучшего укоренения черенкам необходимо периодическое
sprinkling water from a spray bottle and shading.
Dahlias – possible diseases and pests
Dahlias can have viral mosaic, powdery mildew,
bacterial cancer. Virus mosaic can be recognized by appearing on
leaf plates of light green spots of various shapes and sizes.
The disease also leads to shortening of internodes and pedicels,
dwarfism of the plant, reducing the brightness of the color of the petals. TO
Unfortunately, it will not be possible to cure diseased plants;
dig up and burn. Bacterial cancer infects the tubers of the plant, and
You can find it when you dig a dahlia. It manifests itself
the formation of ugly buds on the root neck of diseased plants and
growths up to 12 cm in size. Affected tubers are also needed
burn.
Also, dahlias can be affected by pests: a slobbery penny,
aphids, tsvetoyedy, slugs. With aphids fighting garlic infusion,
infusion of onion peel, spraying chlorophos (10 g per 10 l
water) by dusting wet leaves with ashes. Against powdery mildew,
drooling pennitsa, as well as aphids and tsvetouedov fight spraying
urea (50 g per 10 liters of water), which is held in the evening hours
or in cloudy weather. To the plant did not overcome slugs, you need
sprinkle the tracks adjacent to the planting with iron or
copper sulphate, which 1 square. meter is used up to 10 grams., or
superphosphate (30 gr. per 1 sq. meter). Can also handle
leaves 10% broth of chilli peppers.
