Чт, 15 сен 2016 Автор: Эльвира Корчагина
One of the dangerous diseases of fruit trees caused by
bacteria Erwinia Amilovora, called a bacterial burn or
firestick
For the first time outbreaks of this disease were recorded in the XVIII century.
in North America.
With the sale and transportation of seedlings of fruit plants bacterial
burn was spread all over the world.
This disease is insidious because often inexperienced
gardeners often take symptoms for other infections
and do not apply appropriate measures in time:
• due to the fact that the burn develops on the plant from top to bottom,
it happens that on adult tall trees it is discovered then
when the tree is half already struck;
• the initial wilting of the crown of the tree is considered a consequence
lack of moisture and increase watering, accelerating the development of the disease;
• Often a bacterial burn is confused with a bacterial cancer.
(these diseases can be distinguished by conducting clinical studies
samples of infected tissue).
All parts of the fruit tree are affected by this infection,
but the strongest flowers, young shoots of the current year, the ovary.
Contents
How does the disease develop?
Скорость поражения груши бактериальным burn зависит от
following factors:
• tree age (most often young saplings are affected);
• pear varieties;
• soil on the site (high content of nitrogen in the ground
enhance the development of the burn);
• climatic conditions (high humidity and temperature)
air – most favorable for progression
diseases).
Primary infection occurs in spring during flowering
pears Long distance bacteria from infected plants
bacteria are carried by insects, birds, wind, rainwater.
Once on the flowers, bacteria begin to actively proliferate and
spread inside the plant, striking young shoots, twigs,
trunk.
Infection can also occur through damaged bark.
tree, wounds on the leaves.
Secondary infection occurs in the summer, when
cracks on the trunk and branches of the tree begins to stand whitish
colors viscous exudate containing a large number of bacteria. On
in the open air, it is drawn out in the form of thin threads and is easily
carried by the wind. Less commonly, infection occurs through gardening.
tools or during vaccination.
Symptoms of a bacterial burn of a pear (photo)
The disease has the following symptoms:
• delayed opening of the kidneys, and then their blackening (while
they do not fall off, but remain on the branches);
• blackening, wilting and drying of flowers (if contaminated
occurred during flowering);
• blackening and twisting of shoots, leaves.
• reddish brown stains on the bark, viscous is released from the cracks
milky color exudate;
• affected wood tissue swells and flakes off (this
the last stage is dead wood).
As a result, the pear tree looks charred (hence the name
diseases).
Signs of a Bacterial Pear Burn
Bacterial Burn Diagnosis
From the timely diagnosis of the disease depends on the possibility
save the pear tree and the garden as a whole. To determine the pathogen in
laboratories conduct bakposev on the tissue of an infected tree (the tips
shoots, tree bark, fruit).
Treatment methods
Timeliness is important when treating a bacterial burn.
detection of the disease. There are several methods to combat
this infection, each of which has its pros and cons.
Chemical method
In the initial stage of the disease, you can try to treat
copper preparations. A mixture of 1% solution of copper sulfate
with lime milk has a pronounced antibacterial
effect. It is important not to overdo it with the amount of vitriol –
its excess causes leaf burn. You can also use such
copper-containing drugs like Abiga-Peak, Rovral, Skor, Oxyhom
other. Spraying the affected trees is carried out
five times:
1. a period of swelling of the kidneys;
2. leafing;
3. after flowering;
4. 2 weeks after the last treatment;
5. after harvesting.
If there is no improvement, then the bacteria have developed
resistance to this fungicide. In this case, it is advisable
cut and burn the affected parts of the tree and carry out processing
antibiotics.
Radical method
This method is applicable if on one of the fruit trees on
plot found symptoms of bacterial burns. Infected
it is better to destroy the plant in order to protect the rest from infection
landing. It is better to sacrifice one tree than to lose the whole
fruit garden. If the affected area is small (less than 30%), then
You can remove diseased areas by cutting out even healthy tissue.
0.2-0.4 m below the affected tissue. All cuts are processed
a solution of copper sulphate (1% -100g of powder per 10 liters of water) or
iron sulphate (70g per bucket of water). For disinfection
used tools after each slice use such
solutions like: copper sulphate (5%), iron sulphate (8%),
dichloramine (1%), potassium permanganate (1%). Roasting blades in fire gives
complete destruction of the infection.
All trimmed pieces of wood should be burned immediately, not
allowing leaf scattering. Logging and storage of firewood from
infected branches and pear trunks are not allowed, otherwise the infection
spread quickly to all plantations.
Antibiotics
The use of antibiotics is the most effective way to
лечении бактериального ожога у pears To do this, use
Streptomycin. Ampoule (500 thousand units) is diluted in 5 liters of water and
sprayed affected trees. The first treatment is carried out in June.
(during active shoot growth), then every three weeks. If in
the period between treatments was raining or the weather was hot, then
sprayed the trees again. Additionally to enhance immunity
pear trees use stimulants (Zircon, Immunocytophyte and
others).
Bacteria tend to mutate and develop resistance
used antibiotic, so every year you need to change
drugs. Well proven in the fight against
бактериальным burn:
• tetracycline (2 tablets per 3 liters of water);
• ofloxacin;
• gentamicin (2 mg (1 ampoule) diluted in 1 liter of water).
On заметку! When using any
the drug must be processed the entire tree from the top to
the very bottom of the barrel, as the disease “descends” down the table to
root system.
Bacterial Burn Prevention
Заражения плодового сада бактериальным burn можно
prevent if time to spend
prevention:
• observe the cleanliness of the plantations – weeding (many
wild plants are incubators of the causative agent of this
diseases) and the destruction of wild fruit trees (especially
hawthorn);
• spraying plantings against various diseases,
weakening the immune system of trees;
• fighting insect pests that transmit infections
between plants;
• cultivation of varieties resistant to bacterial burn;
• purchase of seedlings in proven nurseries;
• disinfection of garden tools when pruning trees;
• regular inspection of the garden plantations will allow to detect
disease at an early stage and timely action;
• winter control of suspicious seedlings: from marked ones
specimens cut off the twigs, put in water at room conditions and
waiting for bud break. Conclusions about the presence or absence of infection
make as the leaves appear.
