Kornilov
Inflammation of the breast – a problem that had to
many women, especially in the first months
feeding a newborn baby. Most often inflammation of the breast
glands (mastitis) develops after the first birth (96%). It –
lactational mastitis. Inflammation of the breast is also found in
young age (juvenile mastitis), in children and even in newborns
children. Men are also no exception. More exposed
women from 18 to 45 years. This is due to the maximum hormonal
body activity during this period.
In most cases, this is a one-way process. Is encountered
acute and chronic form. Various cocci cause mastitis:
staphylococcus, streptococcus.
Contents
The course and forms of inflammation of the breast
Clinically, mastitis is manifested by reddening and thickening of the skin.
breast, severe pain, swelling, fever to
high numbers
Inflammation of the mammary gland with the wrong tactics
treatment goes through several stages in his
development:
– serous form (no infection);
– abscess of the breast or both glands (develops with
inadequate treatment of acute infected or serous forms
mastitis);
– phlegmonous form (inflammatory process is pronounced and
accompanied by severe intoxication));
– gangrene of the breast (very difficult condition,
conservative therapy in these cases is ineffective).
In most cases, the diagnosis and treatment of mastitis occur.
in the acute stage of inflammation. For this reason, the chronic stage
inflammation is rare. Purulent forms (abscess, phlegmon and
breast gangrene) can cause life-threatening
sepsis is a complication. But they are rare and are
result of ineffective treatment or serious problems with
immune system.
Inflammation of the breast – causes
The main causes of breast inflammation
glands:
1. Lactostasis.
When lactostasis (milk stagnation) ideal conditions for
development and further spread of infection.
With the participation of the causative agent of infection, fermentation of milk occurs, which
promotes further reproduction of the infectious agent and
the occurrence of purulent inflammation.
The development of lactostasis causes a large amount of milk, especially
in the first days after the birth of the child: after feeding remains
excess milk, and this leads to its stagnation;
the large size of the mammary gland does not allow even
completely remove milk from all parts of the breast;
wrong or uncomfortable attachment of the baby to the breast: in
As a result, the sucking of milk does not occur from all the ducts, but
lactostasis and further inflammation occur in separate
sinuses.
2 Anatomical structure of the nipple.
3. Scratched skin, nipple damage from feeding –
entrance gate for infection.
4. Injury of the ducts of the breast
5. Reduced immunity after childbirth.
6. ATоспалительные diseases, источник инфекции в организме,
where it can get into the mammary gland. In such cases
the pathogen, getting into the milk, multiplies rapidly, especially when
lactostasis, and causes a violent inflammatory process.
7. Overcooling.
Outside lactation are common causes of lung inflammation.
glands are:
– hypothermia;
– any infectious disease when in the body
there is a source of infection;
– reduced immunity;
– benign or malignant breast tumors
glands;
– Breast injuries that give access to infection;
– foreign bodies (piercing or implant);
– stress.
In men, mastitis is not as common as in women, but with
certain causes can cause severe inflammation
mammary gland. The reasons may be:
– endocrine disorders that reduce the production of androgens
(male sex hormones);
– adrenal tumors, which leads to hormonal imbalance
– production of estrogen (female genital
hormones);
– некоторые урологические diseases;
– impaired metabolism;
– injuries of the mammary glands, followed by infection.
Hormonal imbalance in men (most
common cause of mastitis) in turn
appears when:
– regular use in large quantities of alcohol
(especially beer)
– the use of anabolic steroids of various kinds (often in
athletes);
– application without the appointment and control of the doctor of some
pressure lowering drugs and tranquilizers;
– некоторые эндокринные diseases и diseases желудочно –
intestinal tract.
Inflammation of the breast – symptoms at different stages
development
During lactation, mastitis develops in the first two to three days.
after for any reason lactostasis has occurred (stagnation
milk). The process is usually one-sided. Only 16 – 21%
both mammary glands are affected. Developed acutely, in the future
the process may become chronic. The appearance of purulent
inflammation occurs either when inadequate treatment, either with
inattention of the patient to his condition
1. Onчинается мастит остро с development серозного воспаления.
Clinically manifested by moderate local pains, redness in
The site of inflammation may be compaction and swelling. Later
symptoms of general intoxication follow: fever
up to 380 C and, possibly, higher, general weakness, headaches.
It is not heavy, it is well treated in a short time. In this period
it is important to start treatment immediately to avoid further
progression.
In case of absence or delayed treatment, the process
develops: increasing edema, hyperemia, there is a sharply painful
compaction, the temperature increases, the general condition worsens.
Palpated enlarged regional lymph nodes. So flows
инфильтративная форма воспаления mammary gland.
After three to four days, the process may proceed to the next stage.
– abscess.
2. In the thickness of the infiltrate, a purulent cavity arises – an abscess,
which is palpable by palpation. Palpation abscess
more “soft” to the touch compared with infiltration due to
the presence of purulent contents in its cavity. Further
the number of abscesses may increase as it spreads.
infections. Superficial abscesses sometimes open
on their own.
3. In the absence of treatment or inadequate treatment may
melting of the thin abscess walls occurs, the process acquires
common character, phlegmon is formed. Palpation
the boundaries of the seal area are difficult to determine, since phlegmon is not
has a clear delimitation. Condition dramatically heavier. Worried
intense pain in the mammary gland, intoxication increases:
the temperature rises to 400 C and higher, there are chills,
growing weakness. Characteristic external signs appear.
phlegmonous inflammation: the mammary gland increases dramatically in
size due to edema, acquires a purple – bluish color,
nipple retracts
4. The most severe form of inflammation of the breast –
gangrenous. In this far-launched purulent process, the milk
gland tense, hard, sharply painful, greatly increased in
size, purple – bluish, with black spots – foci of necrosis,
sometimes with blisters, like after burns.
5. Generalization of purulent infection – sepsis – is a threat
for life.
So flows острый мастит.
Chronic inflammation of the breast is usually
secondary process, occurs when untreated acute
mastitis There are cases of primary chronic inflammation.
mammary gland, but much less. Clinical picture of chronic
mastitis in infiltrative form expressed softly: slightly
the mammary gland increases, moderately painful is palpated
or painless very dense infiltrate, sometimes – increased
lymph nodes. The general condition is broken unsharply, can slightly
increase the temperature.
Clinic of non-lactating inflammation of the breast is weak
expressed, proceeds with the formation of an abscess, has no characteristic
features.
Breast Inflammation – Treatment
Due to the fact that breast inflammation in most
cases proceeds brightly and it is impossible not to notice, patients
seek medical assistance on time. With early treatment
its efficiency is high and the time is short. If appeal
происходит на начальных стадиях development серозного воспаления,
when the discomfort of discomfort, severity,
swelling in the mammary gland, and mastitis
missing, then treat, in fact, accounts for stagnation (lactostasis). On
this stage is sometimes enough to adjust the correct and
timely emptying of the mammary gland – feeding regime and
squeezing If the development of the inflammatory process continues
(fever, pain, swelling occur)
use of drug therapy and physiotherapy procedures
(UHF, ultrasound).
Drug therapy includes the appointment of antibacterial
drugs and, if necessary, antispasmodics. Antibiotics
appointed for a period not exceeding 10 days. Are used
semi-synthetic penicillins (Osmapox, Flemoksin – Solyutab,
Amoxicillin – ratioform, Osp, penicillin-protected –
Amoxiclav, Augmentin and others) and cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Cefalexin,
Cefuroxime, etc.). The effectiveness of treatment is estimated at 48 – 72
hours
According to statistics, in 4–10% of cases, despite the time it started
adequate antibiotic therapy, the development of an abscess
mammary gland. In such cases требуется опертивное
intervention. Sometimes effective puncture with the evacuation
purulent contents and the further introduction of the antibiotic into place
abscess (in mild cases). If the general condition is severe,
intoxication increases, immediate hospitalization with
further dissection and drainage of the abscess and subsequent
antibiotic treatment.
In case of suspension of the process in case of lactation inflammation
mammary gland and negative breast milk
feeding can be continued expressed pasteurized milk from
bottles. To the chest, even healthy, apply the child and store
expressed milk is not recommended. Solve the issue of breast
feeding in each case should be decided by a doctor.
ATажно помнить, что самолечение при мастите
dangerous at any stage, may have unpredictable
consequences, leading to prolongation of inflammation and
complications.
Strongly contraindicated use of “warming” alcohol
compresses and camphor oil. Alcohol contributes to aggravation
lactostasis. And any warming procedure for purulent inflammation
accelerates the spread of infection and its further development. Only
на начальных стадиях development мастита возможно применение
compresses with cabbage leaves, medicinal herbs (mother – and –
stepmother, aloe juice, kalanchoe), grated carrots, kombucha,
decoction of rice. After the elimination of the inflammatory process is possible
the use of massage, physiotherapy.
In case of delayed treatment or self-treatment,
develop phlegmonous inflammation. It is a spilled inflammatory
a process in which conservative treatment is no longer effective –
urgent intervention in surgical conditions is shown
hospital Часто ставится вопрос об удалении mammary gland.
As for the treatment of mastitis in men – it is necessary to determine
cause of inflammation and treat the underlying disease. AT
case of a serous phase of inflammation of the mammary gland in men – treatment
conservative, need rest, bed rest,
taking antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and
спазмолитиков при необходимости, физиотерапевтическое treatment. With
development of purulent abscess – hospitalization in the surgical
department.
ATажные моменты профилактики воспалений молочной железы
To prevent breast inflammation
соблюдать, прежде всего, правила личной гигиены: утренний душ,
during lactation – wearing cotton underwear, use
special absorbent pads, mandatory processing of dairy
glands before feeding and decanting milk residues after
feeding, avoid injury and hypothermia.
Очень важно не злоупотреблять загаром как
on the beach and in the solarium, do not supercool and do not overheat,
вовремя лечить инфекционные diseases, следить за
immunity.
Men need to refuse or minimize harmful
habits, time to consult a doctor about endocrine and
urological problems.
The most reliable way to prevent mastitis – do not engage
self-treatment and timely visit the doctor for any signs
trouble in the mammary glands.
