We grow cabbage to the envy of our neighbors! The basicscabbage growing: selection of planting material, care andtop dressing

Чт, 19 ноя 2015 Автор: Светлана Иванова

Choosing a place for growing cabbage on your plot,
Consider cabbage requirements for light and moisture: be sure
Ensure the availability of water for irrigation and the lack of
shading.

Since cabbage is grown through seedlings, prepare in the fall
place for its landing.

Contents

Growing cabbage: choosing varieties, seed quality and timing
sowing

Despite the abundance in the seed market, make up your collection
varieties and hybrids is not easy. The necessary conditions for selection, on
which should be oriented:

вкус — пожалуй, главный критерий отбора.
Especially valuable are varieties with succulent crispy leaves,
forming dense white heads. This cabbage is good and salting
and fresh. Not only varietal qualities affect the taste, it is important
proper care, timely feeding and watering;

срок созревания. Using for planting
early, middle and late varieties, increase the period of use
own cabbage. Observing the necessary storage conditions, you can
have your cabbage from June until next year’s harvest;

лежкость. The factor due to which sometimes
taste is affected. Varieties intended for long
storage, as a rule, less juicy, with thick coarse
leaves.

In terms of ripening cabbage conditionally divided into three groups:

ранняя, с периодом вегетации 75-90 дней:
TransferF1, SoloF1, NozomiF1, KazachokF1, Mirror F1, Tafma F1,
June;

средняя, с периодом вегетации 110-170 дней:
KrautmanF1, RodolfoF1, Glory, Gift;

поздняя, со сроком вызревания 150-240 дней:
Blizzard, Wintering, Sugar Loaf F1, Megaton F1, Tobiah F1,
Belarusian, Valentine.

Growing cabbage seedlings

Не стоит ждать качественной рассады при выращивании ее в
условиях городской квартиры
. With a lack of light and
Excessive heat plants are weak, thin, unnecessarily
elongated. Мало помогает даже содержание их на холодном
window sill.

Better seedlings in a city apartment
on unheated loggia. It’s easier to create here.
necessary conditions: temperature 10-15 ° C and a large amount
Sveta. The disadvantage of this method is the shortage of space, but it is worth growing
several seedlings for the earliest harvest. Planting seeds in such
The case is carried out in mid-March.

The best seedlings of cabbage are obtained by growing it
right in the ground. Cold Seed Presents
is a common garden bed with properly prepared soil. After
clearing it from snow is protected from the cold with a covering material on
arcs. The soil should be loose, filled with autumn humus and
deoxidizer (ash, lime, chalk). Not desirable use
the places where crucifers grew last season – radish,
radish, daikon, cabbage.

For planting, make grooves 4-5 cm deep, shed them warm
water and place the seeds at a distance of 3 cm from each other. Grooves
sprinkle with a layer of 1 cm sifted with compost

Удобно выращивать рассаду капусты в холодном парнике с
using cassettes.
Each plant, occupying
personal cell will have a quality intact
root system. Cassettes should be installed in a greenhouse with
deepening.

Cabbage seedlings from cassette

To speed up seed germination, the ground should be covered with a film,
which is removed after germination. Until it gets warm
weather, in addition it is necessary to cover the seedlings with a covering nonwoven
canvas. Others can be sown with a white one.
varieties of cabbage. Seedlings of Brussels, Savoy, broccoli,
Kohlrabi, cauliflower also develops well in the cold
greenhouse. To avoid confusion, each class and species is assigned
separate groove, which is marked and applied to the plan.

Обычно рассаде капусты не требуется подкормка,
there is enough food from garden soil, but at low temperatures
It is desirable to use a warm solution of ammonium nitrate, since
it is difficult for roots to extract nitrogen from cold soil. Seedlings care
is to protect against negative temperatures, infrequent gentle
watering, removing weeds, loosening.

When 1-2 true leaves appear, shoots can be thinned out,
remove deformed plants that have risen with a great delay.
Quality is considered to be seedlings that formed 4-5 of these
leaves, at the age of 35-45 days for medium and late varieties, 50-60
days for the early.

Soil preparation. Formation of ridges. Transplanting

The most suitable for planting cabbage in the beds will be dull
cloudy day, ideally with a fine drizzle. If soon
the forecast promises the sun and heat, and it is impossible to postpone planting cabbage,
do it in the evening. During the night, seedlings will have time to adapt to the new
conditions.

Капуста прекрасно себя чувствует на любых видах
почвы
: суглинки, супеси, торфяники, лесные подзолы, кроме
heavy dense loam and sand. Prerequisites – open
sunny place, enough moisture nutrients.
Based on this, select a site for landing.

Planning future garden beds for cabbage cultivation follows
engage in the fall. Necessary conditions for creating the correct
soil – liming, adding a sufficient amount of organic matter and
mineral fertilizers. Under the autumn digging used lime
or dolomite flour at the rate of 300 gr. per square meter, fresh
manure. If manure is rotted, it is best to apply it in the spring.
At the same time, ashes, complex fertilizers (nitrophoska,
azofoska). Эти top dressing лучше добавлять в сформированные лунки: по
a glass of ash and 20-30 grams. mineral fertilizer.

Depending on the structure and capacity of the soil planting holes
formed on raised ridges or on a flat surface.

• planting of early varieties and cabbage hybrids is made according to
scheme: between plants 40 cm, between rows 50 cm;

• necessary conditions for growing mid-season and late
cabbage: distance between plants and aisle at least 70
cm;

• для удобства полива, top dressing и другого ухода за растениями
disembarkation is carried out in two rows with aisles between them 70-90
cm.

Cabbage bed

Care for cabbage. How much water is needed for irrigation, which give
top dressing

A prerequisite for a rich harvest is
maintaining soil moisture throughout the growing season of cabbage. Wherein
Do not allow overmoistening of the soil, soaking the roots.
Necessary to create conditions for the preservation of moisture: mulch,
loosen, pile up the soil around the plants.

In hot weather, an adult cabbage plant evaporates leaves up to 10.
liter of water per day and badly in need of watering. Young landing in the first
half of the summer should receive 2-5 liters of water, and adults, in the period
the formation of heads, 15-20 liters per watering. It is believed that for
Forming a head, weighing 2 kg, cabbage requires 200-liter
barrel of water for the season.

For the formation of large, strong heads with high taste
qualities cabbage needs care and feeding, not only when
planting seedlings, but also throughout the summer. Especially important
top dressing в августе.
It is at this time that the medium and
Late ripening varieties and hybrids begin to curl heads.

When nitrogen starvation and landing in insufficiently deoxidized
cabbage leaves grow smaller, coarsen, acquire
reddish-purple hue, head is poorly formed.

Nitrogen starvation

Обычно проводят 3-4 top dressing за сезон, поздние сорта можно
feed an additional 1-2 times. Care is required and
compliance with the measure – excess nitrogen leads to accumulation of nitrates and
cracking heads.

Nutrient options:

• liquid mullein diluted in a concentration of 0.5 kg per 10 liters of water,
spend 0.5 liters of solution for watering one plant;

• mix from 30 gr. complete mineral fertilizer (azofoska,
nitrophoska), 10-15 gr. micronutrients and 1 cup ash to stir in
10 liters of water, consumption of 1-1.5 liters per plant. At the end of the summer to replace
nitrogenous fertilizer on double superphosphate.

A good top dressing is crumbly rotted horse or
cow dung in the form of a layer of mulch. When watering nutrients
from this substrate will be delivered to the roots.

Growing cabbage: protection against diseases and pests

The most common and dangerous disease of cabbage
является кила. This fungal disease affects
All cruciferous plants, including weeds. Special
susceptible to the defeat of spores keels young cabbage plants.
The disease is detected after 3-4 weeks, when the roots are formed
growths and thickenings. Diseased plants quickly lag behind,
knotted ugly small heads of cabbages. The first signs of the keel are wilting
lower leaves.

Spores of the fungus remain in the soil for 5-6 years.
The development and activation of the disease contributes to the acid reaction of the soil,
high humidity and heat.

The main defense against keel is the regular liming of the soil,
return to the infected place of cruciferous plants not earlier,
than in 5 years. Planting solanaceous crops (potatoes, tomatoes,
eggplant, pepper) inhibits the development of spores of keels. When deleting
infected plants should be burned.

In the second half of summer, hot, dry weather may develop.
фузариозное увядание капусты. Mushroom pathogen
fusarium clogs the conducting vessels, and the leaves begin
turn yellow.

If summer is cold and rainy, cabbage starts to hit.
a variety of rot bacterial and fungal origin.
Infection occurs through mechanical damage that
insects and their larvae are applied to the leaves. Causative agents of rot,
entering the heading, continue to evolve into the repository and can
destroy the whole crop.

Serious damage to plants causes many pests:
капустная и репная белянки, капустная моль, совки,
rapeseed flower eater, aphid, slugs. Adult insects and their larvae,
the night and day cabbage hunters nibble intensely on the leaves and
make deep holes in the heads. Affected plants
are stunted, they catch infections through injuries and become polluted
excreta pests, lose their presentation.

Pests nibbled leaves

Pest control and care for affected
landings:

• compliance with crop rotation;

• rejection planting cruciferous sideratov for recovery
soil (mustard, rape);

• careful cleaning of plant residues and removal
cruciferous weeds;

• daily inspection and manual collection of eggs and caterpillars during
departure of butterflies;

• entomophage attraction. They willingly settle on planted
next to cabbage beds of umbrella plants (parsley, celery,
carrots, dill);

• if the number of pests is large, and the above measures are not
cope, should apply chemical methods of protection.

Raised Cabbage: Harvesting

If chemical treatments were carried out, use cabbage in
food can be no earlier than 3 weeks. Early and medium grades
cut off as ripening and used fresh. It is impossible
be late with their removal, otherwise over-ripe cabbages will be cracked.

With the harvest of late varieties and hybrids of cabbage, intended for
fermentation and long-term storage, you should not rush. In September
the weather creates suitable conditions necessary for accumulation
sugars and vitamins, fast loading heads. Therefore recommended
Leave longer on the bed most correct, harmonious
formed plants and continue to care, and, if necessary, and
watering. Late varieties are not afraid of light frost, in September they
can double their mass.

Для лучшего хранения следует при уборке оберегать
головки капусты от травм,
оставлять кроющие листья, не
to lay in the storage of damaged and frost-headed cabbages.

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