Walnut: cultivation and features of care.How difficult is it to grow a heat-loving walnut in the middlestrip?

Чт, 24 дек 2015 Автор: Елизавета Шатунова

Walnut is a tall thermophilic plant that can
delight gardeners for abundant crops for decades. If a
provide the tree the right care, it will be abundantly bear fruit
Every year. They grow nuts not only in the southern regions of our country
– it will take root well in a temperate climate, if properly
choose the method and time of landing.

ATырастить орех можно из семян или с помощью
прививки
. The second way, even if it allows you to save
the best varietal qualities of the “mother” plant, only suitable
for experienced gardeners – this is the highest skill! Much easier to buy
in the nursery a healthy sapling and root it on your site.

Contents

What sort of walnut to grow?

If a основная ваша цель при выращивании грецкого ореха — сбор
the abundant harvest of delicious fruit from the tree at the end of each season,
choose its fertile varieties. Breeders brought many species
plants that are not afraid of cold, resistant to disease and
pests are famous for high quality ripened nuts.

Choosing a grade of a walnut for landing on the site,
consider the following indicators:

• yield;

• terms of fruit ripening;

• resistance to cold, pests and diseases;

• fruit taste.

Denote the most popular varieties of walnut, which
take root on the site of an ordinary summer resident:

Идеал. Most popular variety, good
taking root in any climate, even in the north. As trees
withstand temperatures up to -35 ˚C, for the winter you can not cover them,
if the thermometer in a particular region does not fall below
this mark. The plant begins to bear fruit for 2-3 years.
Adult specimens reach a height of 4-5 m. Harvest can be
in September. The kernels are very tasty. Breeding Ideal variety possible
only seeds.

ATеликан. The seedling will bear fruit only
5-6 year after planting, reaches a height of 5 m. Fruits – very
large, rounded shape.

Изящный. Drought resistant variety resistant to
many diseases and pests. Severe cold tolerates poorly
therefore, more suitable for cultivation in the southern and middle latitudes.
The tree bears fruit for 5 years after planting. The kernels ripen at the end
September

Селекционер. The tree bears nuts with
thin shell, resistant to pests and diseases. To taste
созревшие ядра можно уже в начале September

Изобильный. The plant is drawn up to 4 m in
height, enters fructification on 4 year of disembarkation. Walnut resistant to
disease, but does not tolerate cold.

Десертный. Medium ripening variety, giving already
in early September, slightly sweet fruit. Tree
drought-resistant, in severe frosts the wood of a plant can
damage – without winter shelter is indispensable. Kernels on branches
appear at 4 year after landing.

Урожайный. Tall, productive variety,
entering into fruiting for 3-4 year. Nuts are ready to be picked at the end.
September

Заря востока. Early variety, beloved
Many Russian gardeners for nuts of excellent taste.
Plant up to 4 m in height withstands severe frosts.
Fruits in 4-5 year.

Аврора. Tree может вырастать в высоту до 6
m. Starts to give tasty fruits for 4 year of life. Harvesting
осуществляется в конце September

For the cultivation of nuts in the northern latitudes, choose
зимостойкие скороспелые сорта. For the average
Strips fit almost any kind of plant.

Where to grow walnuts?

Walnut not only produces delicious fruits, but also decorates the garden. To
crown of the tree pleased lush foliage, select for the new resident
The garden is a suitable place.

Предпочтение отдавайте солнечным, проветриваемым
участкам с хорошо дренированной почвой
. Marsh
Walnut soil does not tolerate. The best place to grow it.
will be a plot behind the house – so a tall tree will not pritenyat
other landings.

Seedlings will grow strongly over time, so settle them on
расстоянии не менее 5 м друг от друга. When landing
plants on the slope can follow a different scheme – 3.5 m between
specimens. Rows, on the advice of experienced gardeners, should be
sent from north to south – this will give the best angle of illumination
trees in the daytime.

Soil preparation for walnut cultivation

Орех предпочитает рыхлые карбонатные суглинки.
If a вода будет плохо сходить с земли, дерево приостановит свой
growth does not give at the end of the season a bountiful harvest. If available
It is desirable to replace the section of poor soils (or at least –
additionally feed) the top layer of earth. To do this, enter
сюда навоз, золу и суперфосфат с последующей
digging the landing site by 50-80 cm. Such a “replacement” of the soil in
the future will have to be carried out every year, digging up the earth in
pristvolnom circle width of the tree crown.

To дерево росло быстрее и давало обильные урожаи на
протяжении нескольких лет, перед его посадкой подготовьте
soil:

• Dig a landing pit with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 40 cm.

• A couple of days before planting seedlings on the bottom put the wells
fertilizers – humus, phosphate and potash fertilizers.

• Stir the mixture and pour 40 liters of water.

In the first years of the life of a walnut in the area is very important to him.
�”Correct” soil composition. Therefore do not ignore the importance
preparatory stage.

Planting nut seedlings

The easiest option for a novice gardener is to buy a sapling.
trees 3-4 years old. Planting material take specialized
nurseries or verified private sellers. Sapling must
have developed shoots without signs of disease and wilt.

Living in the middle or northern regions, landing
in the spring, when the threat of the return of frosts has passed. Seedling
endure an autumn landing only under the condition of a warm winter, which
celebrated only in the southern regions.

Seedling грецкого ореха

Remove damaged roots and plant them before planting
a special solution that will improve the survival rate of the plant in
new conditions. Root the tree in a pre-prepared hole
carefully straightening its roots. Make sure the root neck
was at ground level. Earth a little tamp and pour.

If necessary for a nut for the first time you can
provide support.

Planting Walnut Seeds

Growing a nut from seed is quite a laborious way.
landing. But its main advantage is that with
proper care of the plant it is on the quality characteristics
may exceed the “mother” tree. The main problem is to buy
high-quality seed material. Go to the farmers market
for the “right” nuts:

• large,

• with intact shell,

• no rot.

Byкупайте семена предыдущего сезона. Say with
Accuracy, when exactly they will, it is impossible. It all depends on
specific grade, material quality and climatic conditions.
Seed preparation begins long before planting.

Be patient and follow the technology:

• Soak nuts for 2-4 days in warm water. For this you can
use and special solutions that accelerate germination. Water
Change every day to prevent core decay.

• Better germinate stratified seeds. For this they
placed for a couple of months in lightly moistened sand or sawdust.
Keep planting material at a temperature of 2-5 ° C.

• After this time has expired, transfer the seed container to
warmer place, change the pot in the ground. Here they will
germinate. Sprouted nuts can be planted in early May
ground or grow up indoors before autumn disembarkation.

Germinated walnut seeds

• When planting seeds in the ground, lay them on their side, to a depth
5-11 cm. Sprinkle with soil and tamp down a little. First
years of life the nut will require careful maintenance. But as it shows
practice, with good care planted in the spring of seeds by the end
Autumn give seedling up to 20 cm.

A good result shows the cultivation of walnut in the greenhouse. Through
a couple of years you get ready for landing on an open area
seedling.

Proper Walnut Care

AT заботе особенно нуждаются молодые landing. Now they need
lots of light and nutrients for active growth. AT
Further, when the tree stretches, it must be regularly
cut off.

Rules for the care of the nuts are as follows:

Byлив. Landings are actively watered in
Spring-summer period – 2 times a month will be quite enough.
Young trees in extreme heat water more often. If a вы выбрали
drought-resistant walnut variety, the plant can “survive” for a month without
glaze. Moisten the ground with the calculation of 3 buckets of water per 1 m2 of land.
To защитить грунт от пересыхания, мульчируйте приствольные круги
sawdust

Byдкормка. Walnut fertilized 2 times per
season. In early spring, before plowing the area under the trees make
nitrogen fertilizers. Use such feed carefully, because
their excess can lead to the spread of disease. First
few years of fruiting nut refrain from using
nitrogen – this is important for further high yields. By
fall, before the plant goes into hibernation, feed it
potash and phosphate fertilizers.

Обрезка. Only need to form a crown
young saplings – adult specimens do not need it.
Byстарайтесь ранней весной не срезать с деревца засохшие веточки —
a plant can lose a lot of juice, which will affect its growth and
development. ATсе манипуляции проводите ближе не раньше июня. Byлностью
do not remove the escape – leave a small knot until the next
of the season.

Walnut Trimming Scheme

Грецкий орех не любит глубокого рыхления
its roots during the period of active fruiting should remain in
the rest. Even fertilizer make without intensive digging
pristvolny circles.

When to harvest?

ATремя сбора созревших плодов вы легко определите по зеленым
pericarp. When they start to crack, you can enjoy
delicious nuts. But from the “fresh” fruit pericarp scrape
badly. Byэтому пару недель подержите орешки в темном месте —
basement will do. The shell softens, you can easily remove it from
fruits.

Walnut in pericarp

ATо время очистки не помешает надеть на руки
перчатки
, поскольку в pericarp очень много йода —
hands turn black. Rinse and dry the nuts thoroughly.
the sun.

How to protect walnuts from diseases and pests?

If a сравнивать грецкий орех с другими плодовыми деревьями,
insects and diseases attack it less often. But certain measures
for his protection from the “misfortunes” still need to take

Trees get sick, usually because of the wrong care – either
landings lack sunlight or stagnate in the area
water. Dangerous Nut Diseases:

Бурая пятнистость. Fungal disease
manifests itself in periods of heavy rain or with excessive watering –
the flowers fall off, as a result of which the yield of the plant is significantly
going down. Fungus, if you notice its marks, you need to destroy,
since disputes can overwinter it until next season,
more damaging the plant. To do this at least 3 times per season
spray planting 1% Bordeaux liquid.

• Bacteriosis. The disease develops in the spring –
when warm, wet weather is noted outside. ATы заметите его
Immediately – dark spots appear on shoots, leaves and flowers
colors. Byраженное растение даст намного меньше плодов, поскольку
ovaries die off. For the prevention and treatment of walnut from
bacteriosis spraying it with urea solutions and
Bordeaux fluid.

Корневой рак. Infected plant at all
ceases to grow and bear fruit, because its roots are damaged. ATы
recognize the disease by convex growths on the roots. They need
remove, in places of cuts process caustic soda and water.

Walnut Cancer Roots

Насекомые-вредители, поражающие грецкий орех — ореховый
wart mite, white butterfly, aphid, codling moth,
molt mottled.

It is not even the insects themselves that are dangerous, but their larvae
they suck all the juices necessary for development out of wood
plants.

Gardeners fight off invasions of bugs with similar methods – cutting
and burning damaged shoots.

The main task is not to let the insect caterpillars spread over the
the whole tree.

It is better not to use toxic chemicals (especially – during flowering)
– more suitable biological agents.

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