Вт, 15 май 2018 Автор: Наталья Абдуллаева
The complex dance of human life consists of
numerous rhythms so different in nature and
the duration that their overlap seems complete
chaos. However, these disparate cycles govern
human existence since the first baby heartbeat
and to the inevitable physical extinction at the end of life. Some of
these rhythms are common to all people.
For example, awakening and falling asleep are obviously associated with changing
day and night. But there are other less explicit cycles that
apparently have their own schedule.
Some of них присущи целому роду, другие сугубо
are individual. In addition, a statistical analysis of census data
выявляет неожиданные факты — ритмы, меняющиеся у различных
nations or depending on the place of residence.
Biologists have discovered hormonal fluctuations: regular inflow and
outflow of hormones in the human body. And medical research
показывают, что нарушение этих ритмов может потрясти весь
человеческий организм, подорвать физическое и психическое
health.
To detect these cycles it is not necessary to fully understand them.
nature Хотя временные ритмы жизни стали объектом изучения
новой науки хронобиологии, ученые еще далеки от объяснения
complex interaction of the human body and time.
Waking up in the predawn darkness, a person reaches for an alarm clock.
an instant before his call. Turning off the alarm, he can for a second
doubt whether he needs a mechanical tool at all, since his
The internal clock works so well.
This daily twenty-four hour chronometer is familiar
everyone who is forced to obey the schedule, but not at hand
hours
For a long time, he was considered an exclusively speculative phenomenon.
Но недавние исследования показали, что биологические часы в
reality is psychological. Apparently
built-in chronometer due to the so-called suprachiasmatic
cores.
This is a group of neurons located above a fluid-filled.
space on the midline of the brain. From experiments on rats,
проводившихся в 1972 году, ученые узнали, что повреждение
the suprachiasmatic nucleus can lead to a violation of their daily
ритмов питья воды и физической активности. In the early 80s
years of the last century, similar phenomena were observed in cats, squirrels and
monkeys.
Дальнейшие эксперименты показали, что пересадка
the suprachiasmatic nucleus of one guinea pig into the brain of another causes
последнюю переключиться на ритм жизни донора.
Despite the lack of this kind of experimental data on
human researchers suggest that human
the suprachiasmatic nuclei, similar to the nuclei of mammals, represent
is the same.
They can regulate daily cycles such as
waking up and falling asleep, aligning the work of the heart and
частоты пульса, выделение энзимов и гормонов, — в том
among those produced by the pineal gland, which, in their
turn, control the functions of many organs of the body.
Probably the suprachiasmatic nuclei are not the only internal clock.
human body, but they are probably the most important and most
small ones.
This sophisticated biological metronome is located in
a group of brain cells that is smaller than a grain of sand.
