Ср, 06 янв 2016 Автор: садовник, фитодизайнерKocheva Lyudmila
Petunia can now be found in any garden, she is loved as
beginners in floriculture and venerable
landscapers professionals.
This is a many-sided sorceress who can lead to emotion.
as an elegant companion in a miniature pot composition and
shock with avalanche of luxury cascades in hanging pots.
Contents
Growing a petunia: a long way to success
In our country, petunia is known as a popular annual plant,
however, in fact, oddly enough, it is a perennial. On its
homeland in the tropics of South America, petunia – a perennial grassy
or shrub plant. She is a typical representative.
Solanaceous families, among which are such known cultures,
like tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, and also tobacco.
At the end of the 18th century, a new bloom was discovered in Uruguay.
a plant that for a number of signs of botany attributed to the family
Solanaceae. Subsequently, along with other similar species, petunias
were united in a separate genus and called … tobacco (Nicotiana
axillaris) or “petun” in Brazil. True, we note in brackets,
smoking petunia leaves is not worth it, because it contains quite
An insignificant amount of alkaloid nicotine.
For two centuries, scientists crossed all new varieties and hybrids, getting
sometimes fantastic colors. By the middle of the 20th century, when
the number of varieties of petunias exceeded hundreds, it just began
craze for this flower in the gardens of Western Europe, America,
Japan
how разобраться в обилии форм и сортов петунии
Now in the world there is a variety of different variations, varieties,
forms that are easy to understand and remember only narrow
to specialists that, to simplify the presentation of information, conditionally everything
разновидности петунии разделили на 4 группы:
• many-flowered (P. multiflora);
• large-flowered (P. grandiflora);
• floribunda (P.floribunda);
• ampelous (P. pendula).
The basis of the classification is taken form the bush and its height, as well as
type of flower and its size.
Different groups of petunias are perfectly combined in
compositions
The petunia flower corolla can be a simple funnel,
consisting of 5 fused petals, and maybe terry and
semi-double Terry petunia flower is caused by the transformation
ovary in additional petals. This, by the way, explains the fact
lack of seeds in flowers of this form.
The size and shape of the tube of a petunia flower can significantly
differ between themselves. There are varieties with flowers that have
small funnels, only 2.5 – 4 cm, but there are also giants with a diameter
flower 14-15 cm
The shape of the edge of the flower distinguishes varieties with a smooth edge of the corolla,
there is also a strongly corrugated (fringed, wavy).
According to the shape of the bush varieties of petunias are divided as follows:
• bush (compact);
• cushion (sprawling);
• dropping (ampel).
The height of the varieties vary as follows:
• compact (20-35 cm);
• spreading (35-75 cm);
• ampelous (80-150 cm).
Below are brief characteristics of each group of petunias with
indicating the most popular varieties.
Multi-flowered petunia
Representatives of this group are likely to meet in summer in each
garden, since no species of petunias possesses such
unpretentious, early onset and overall duration
flowering and, most importantly, resistance to adverse weather
conditions: rain, wind and burning sun.
The height of the bush is from 20 to 35 cm, small flowers (3-8 cm
in diameter), but there are so many of them that the foliage can be
little visible under the bright head of the inflorescences. To give the correct
many-flowered petunia can be cut (and even needed), it is very
quickly gives extra shoots and buds, creating
smooth tight ball, very decorative and neat.
The color scheme when growing petunia is very diverse.
Here are a huge number of red, pink, purple
Kolerov, various fantasy colors.
The most sought-after petunias are multicolored.
variety varieties:
• Duo (Duo)
• Bonanza (Bonanza)
• Fantasy (Fantasy)
• Prime Time (Prime Time)
• Merlin
Petunia grandiflora
The name of the group says that the feature of the petunias included in
It is the large size of the flowers. Bush height can
vary from 30 to 75 cm, and the shape – from round compact to
creeping cushion. Let a sufficiently large value of 75 cm
does not mislead anyone – such tall specimens cannot be
found in our area, it is the length of the prostrate or overhanging
down the stem.
Gorgeous flowers in this group. Large, from 6 cm and more, with
juicy colors from white to dark purple, they lead
to the delight of any viewer. Terry copies can give odds and
the queen of flowers, the rose, so delicate and luxurious.
Unfortunately, the gorgeous appearance of the plant is very vulnerable and
dependent on external conditions. Wind and rain are the main enemies at
growing petunias. Raindrops easily tear delicate petals and
foliage, the flower completely loses its decorativeness and can start
rot. Moreover, the restoration of the bush occurs, in contrast to
small-flowered petunias, rather slowly. On average, with
favorable conditions the bush acquires the former elegant look only
after 2-3 weeks.
It is best to admire these floral masterpieces under canopies and
in places where there is no strong air movement. Large-flowered
petunias as container plants on balconies, verandas,
gazebos, as decorations on the porch of the house – this is the most
optimum places for their placement.
From a large number of varieties, you can choose the most spectacular:
• Hit Parade
• Dreams
• Picotee Series (Pikoti Series)
• Limbo (Limbo)
• Frillytunia (Frillithunia)
Floribunda – petunia for flower beds
This group of petunias borrowed resistance to adverse
conditions from many-flowered forms, and the large size of flowers – from
grandiflora. Very spectacular plants designed to decorate large
arrays of flower beds in the group look amazing.
A great advantage of floribunda is considered to be wind and heat resistance,
and the ability to keep rain well. Recovering
damaged or trimmed plant very quickly.
For planting in the garden can be recommended unpretentious Celebrity
(Silabriti), which will withstand the “field” conditions of urban flower beds
and cope with errors in irrigation and dressing, and its spectacular
10-centimeter beaters are in the series a lot of juicy
shades.
Ampel petunias
Recently, this group of petunias is very popular,
since only one basket with waves of bright flowers is capable
decorate the whole garden. Ampel petunias представлены сортами, побеги
which reach meter length (and some even longer), and
the growth of lashes is genetically downward.
Among the Ampels are varieties that are resistant to rain and
drafts, but, mostly, falling scourge need to be protected from the wind
and rain, placing them under a canopy or drifting under bad weather
the roof.
To the ampel (cascade) include such popular varieties as:
Wonder Wave F1 (Wonder Wave)
Opera F1
F1 supertunia
Surfinia
Explorer
Minitunia
Ramblin F1 (Ramblin) and Easy Wave (Easy
Wave), which is perfectly overgrown with not only whips, but also
�”Crown”, so they willingly planted in low containers.
how развести петунию самостоятельно
Thanks to the amazing beauty of growing petunias now
engaged both professionals and amateurs. howим образом можно
purchase this wonderful plant?
Virtually all garden centers offer a good selection of seedlings.
Letniki, including petunias. Cassettes and containers with
podroschennymi and sometimes already with might and main flowering seedlings can be bought by
quite reasonable prices. Huge plus buying plants in the form of
seedlings – an opportunity to personally evaluate some qualities of the variety –
bush shape, color and appearance of the corolla.
Minus way – a very small selection of varieties in the collections
stores, the inability to optimally pick plants under
scheduled composition. The only way out can
be the independent cultivation of petunias of the desired variety because
the range of seeds is excellent now.
Another method of reproduction of the variety you like is cutting.
master specimen. Petunias get acclimatized when cutting,
and soon after the rooting a young bush blooms, completely
repeating the quality of the mother plant.
how подготовиться к посеву рассады петунии
Seeds are sown from February to April. If there is no possibility
to produce additional illumination of seedlings with special lamps (fluorescent
or LED), then the crop is postponed until mid-March, when
light day will be quite long.
Backlight for petunia is needed on cloudy days and early
in the spring
For landing capacity it is convenient to use low ones (5
cm) containers, having made (necessarily!) drainage holes at the bottom
to drain excess moisture. Petunia, especially young specimens, not
tolerates stagnant water and may die.
Грунт готовят очень легкий, составляя субстрат из торфа,
перегноя, дерновой земли и песка в равных соотношениях.
If there is no possibility применить вышеназванный рецепт, то покупают
ready substrate in the store and add 1 part of sand to 4-5 parts
finished soil.
Предварительно грунт обеззараживают, прогревая
10 minutes in a large glass jar in the microwave or 40 minutes on
steam bath. The procedure is required if you do not want
treat seedlings from phytophthora and black legs.
Sterile soil after treatment is a poor substrate for plants,
it is devoid of beneficial microorganisms. In this regard, shed bags with
prepared with one of their preparations: Baikal, Fitosporin,
Alirin, Healthy Earth and left for a week or two in a warm place
for settling with the necessary bacteria and fungi.
how вырастить здоровую рассаду петунии
Prepared land is distributed in cassettes. Upper layer
it is better to sift through a sieve so that the lumps of earth do not interfere with germination
small seedlings.
The method of sowing “in the snow”, when over the top
soil is poured clean snow with a layer of 1 cm, and then a toothpick
spread out the seeds, which are clearly visible on a white surface. With
when the snow melts, the seeds get a little bit pulled into the ground – just in time
depth of
Ascended shoots are protected as from excess moisture (condensation on
glass) and from dry air. It is desirable to water babies from
a large syringe without a needle, otherwise even a narrow spout
watering can easily wash away fragile stalks. Temperature is maintained during the day
+ 20-23 ° С, at night + 16С, under such conditions the plants are not drawn out and
grow strong and stocky.
After the appearance of this leaf seedlings dive – sit down
on individual cassettes, as grown bushes begin
grow fast and they need a lot of space.
Since the appearance of 3 of this leaf petunias feed
regularly. While babies are in cassettes, they are sprayed on
the sheet alternately with solutions of humates, drugs Ferovit (contains
iron) and NV-101 (immunostimulant).
We grow petunia in the garden
With наступлении теплых дней рассаду петунии переваливают на
permanent residence – in flower beds, hanging pots,
containers. Usually bushes quickly take root, only in the case
strong heat or cold snap can be covered for a while
Spunbond to protect against stress.
On a flower bed provide a well-lit place,
seasoned with organic (just not fresh manure!) and complex
fertilizers. During the season, flower beds are regularly watered.
introducing once a month dissolved in water top dressing “For flowering
plants “with a predominant content of potassium and phosphorus.
Cascade Petunia Flowerbed
In addition, they regularly collect faded flowers and cut the lash.
if necessary, to improve the shape of the bush.
With высадке рассады по контейнерам и кашпо нужно иметь в виду,
that growing petunias, especially ampelnas, requires a large
the amount of land for normal growth – 5 liters per plant.
Excessive pot thickening with plants in the hope of a “chic look”
will have the opposite effect – the lash will grow bald and
stretch out.
Despite the presence in the tanks of fertile soil (sod
earth, compost, vermiculite, peat), it is quickly depleted, because
Abundant flowering makes a lot of nutrients. therefore
container growing of petunia provides for permanent
top dressing, both root and leaf. Flowers watered
dissolved fertilizers 2 times a month and 2-3 times a month
carry out sheet top dressing. Periodically, the soil is loosened and after
watering pierce from top to bottom with a spoke, aerating it. Not worth it
to be afraid to damage a plant – for easily recoverable petunia roots
this operation is painless, and its benefits are great.
We grow petunias: pests and diseases
During the period of growing petunias, the foliage is monitored and
ее пожелтении обрабатывают растение от паутинного
клеща, который часто селится на садовых растениях.
Treatments are carried out with acaricides (Actellic, Fitoverm)
three times for 3 weeks (once a week). От тли и
трипсов используют любые инсектициды — Актару, Инта-Вир,
Spark.
Из болезней чаще всего приходится бороться с мучнистой
росой, используя один из препаратов — Скор, Топаз,
Pure color.
Sometimes with an excess of moisture and a lack of heat petunia is affected
другими грибковыми заболеваниями – фитофторой, мокрой
rot or brown spot.
In order for plants not to hurt, exclude the use of
sour soil, water stagnation. Preparations necessary in these cases:
Profit Gold, Oxy.
Petunia in garden design
Due to the large number of groups of petunias, you can always
choose the most suitable option for your garden. Among them
there are those that can act as an accent in the composition –
these are usually varieties with bright colors, terry or with
original fantasy pattern.
There are some forms that can be used as
borders in rabatkah and mixborders (for example, many-flowered).
Due to the long flowering such scenes for a long time remain
bright and do not require special care.
Petunia as a curb – an interesting option
Varieties with a compact bush and beautiful flowers always
in demand for filling balcony boxes and drafting
small compositions in pots. And growing petunias in the form
chic ampels suitable for decorating tall containers and
suspended flower pots.
In addition to creating vertical volumes, amphels drape well
horizontal surfaces. They are used to design carpets.
flower beds and decorating the shores of garden ponds.
