Japanese quince: proper fit and care. Overviewvarieties of Japanese quince, recommendations on the topic of competent care andgrowing

Пт, 20 май 2016 Автор: Юлия Ильина

Japanese quince (or henomeles) – a heat-loving plant, good
growing in areas with mild climatic conditions.

In the northern regions, if the crop tolerates a cold winter (below
-30ºС), freeze-up kidneys and shoots caught in the snow, and quince
Does not give a lush color.

In the spring may bloom that part of the bush, which was
hidden under the snow cover.

Contents

Japanese quince: choice of variety and care

Chaenomeles is the object of close attention of breeders,
thanks to which numerous varieties and hybrids were bred.
Growing a plant is primarily aimed at obtaining
high-quality and abundant harvest. Previously Japanese quince met
often enough. Today, growing plants is becoming increasingly
popular, so seedlings are on sale everywhere.

The genus of the Japanese quince combines three natural species and several
interspecific hybrids. Based on this, various fruit and
ornamental varieties that differ in the size of shrubs and
fruits, flower shape, etc.

In total there are over 500 varieties of chaenomeles, however, due to
low frost resistance in Russia took root only that of
of them.

The following are most adapted to the Russian environmental conditions
types and varieties:

Quince обыкновенная

This is the most common type. It is divided into five.
subgroups that differ in the shape of the fruit and other
biological characteristics. This type includes decorative
shrubs (marble quince and pyramid).

Among garden crops emit a quince pear-shaped, Portuguese and
apple-shaped. The fruits of the first two are shaped like a pear,
last – closer to the apple.

Quince декоративная

Decorative quince has a high level of resistance to
drought. At the same time, she tolerates the Russian winters and not
demanding on the composition of the soil. Shrubs grow well in
conditions of high gas and dust.

The plant easily tolerates crown formation and pruning, do
it can be before winter. Shrub blooms for almost a month. In the autumn
quince leaves acquire a rich red color, decorate
shrub fruit bright yellow.

Садовая айва

The plant is grown as a fruit, it combines about four
hundreds of varieties. В России к зиме приспособлены лишь сорок из of them.
The difference between them is in the degree of frost resistance, yield
and disease resistance. Tastes differ as well.
fruits, as well as the duration of their size and shelf life.

Грушевидная айва

Depending on the time of maturation, they produce early, medium quinces.
and late. The fruits in shape are pear-shaped and apple-shaped.
The latter ripen faster, but it is considered more juicy and sweet.
pear quince.

Quince низкая

This variety tolerates cold winters well and early.
bears fruit. The tree does not exceed one meter in height;
sharp leaves and bright orange-red flowers. Pulp fruit
dense, the fruits themselves are small in size but fragrant and
delicious.

Quince высокая

In Russia, it lands only in the southern regions, because
frost resistance is low. Includes many varieties
different colors. Pink varieties include Diana, Pink Queen,
red – Port Eliot, to white – Snow.

Planting Japanese quince, care

Quince likes well-lit, sunny areas. In shady
the terrain it grows poorly, resulting in poor flowering.
Although it is a drought-resistant plant, in a young
age and after planting it needs a sufficient amount
moisture. But excessive soil moisture should not be tolerated.

All types of quince grow well on sandy, loamy and
sod soils enriched with humus with non-acidic medium. Worse
Peat soil is transferred. Planting in an alkaline environment threatens
chlorosis of foliage.

When choosing a place, preference should be given to the south side.
construction, protected from wind and frost. If the plot
located on a hill, it is better to choose the south or southwest
slope.

Under the spring planting land to cook in the autumn. Weeds
completely pulled out, the site is kept in loose and cleaned
condition until the landing.

Sand and leafy ground are added to poor and heavy soil.
(proportions 1 to 2). In addition, the soil is enriched with peat
compost (10 kg / m2), as well as phosphate and potash fertilizers
(about 45 g / m2). These components are made to a depth of 15
cm, it contributes to the formation of loose and breathable
soil surface.

Plants with open roots are best planted in the spring – after
freezing of the soil before the buds start to bloom. Planting in the fall
less favorable because the bushes are thermophilic and may die,
not taking

Well-established biennial shrubs transplanted from
container. For single copies at the age of four to five years
dig a hole up to half a meter in diameter and up to 0.8 m in depth. Her
fill with humus (two buckets) with the addition of superphosphate (300 d)
potassium nitrate (30 g) and ash (0.5 kg).

Shrubs can be planted in small groups at the edges of the garden
paths, forming a hedge. The distance between the trees in a row
must be at least half a meter between the bushes in the group
– about a meter.

During planting root collar is placed at ground level.
Roots can not be bare – this is a sign of improper planting when
root neck is located above ground level. Greatly deepen
root neck is not needed – it slows down the growth of the plant.

Japanese quince does not like transplantation, so once again disturb
it is not necessary. It is important to initially find a suitable place for
постоянного growing и высадить ее туда как можно скорее. Quince
can grow in one place to 60 years.

Care for Japanese quince: features

For the plant to bloom better in summer, the soil around the bushes should be
loosen 9-10 cm. Loosening is usually combined with weeding.
Good results are obtained by mulching the soil: mulch is poured in a layer
up to 5 cm in thickness. For these purposes, suitable peat, cedar shells
nuts, sawdust, shredded bark.

The optimal mulching time is May when land is sufficient.
moistened and heated. In the autumn мульчирование проводят после того, как
time of steady frosts will come. Mulch Coverage Area
corresponds to the projection of the crown of the plant or exceeds it by 15-20
cm.

To protect a quince from frosts, in the late autumn it is powdered
fallen leaves or covered with fir branches. This is required and
young and adult plants, especially pistotsvetuschimi varieties.
Young saplings and cuttings are covered with protective material (for example,
spunbond). For low shrubs fit wooden boxes
carton boxes.

Care for Japanese quince: dressing

Adding feed favorably affects flowering and
yield Her проводят трижды за сезон. In the spring make nitric
fertilizers, mullein infusion or scatter up to 12 g of urea per 1 m2.
The following dressing is carried out after flowering and the last time – after
harvesting. Potash and phosphorus are introduced in the second and third times.
fertilizers: 15 g of potassium chloride and 15 g of superphosphate per m2.

In the first year after planting, a liquid top dressing is not applied to
Do not burn the root system. Organic and mineral fertilizers
use 2-3 years after planting. Liquid is useful in the summer
fertilizing in the form of ammonium nitrate (up to 20 g per shrub) and
bird droppings (three liters of 10% solution).

Care for Japanese quince: diseases and pests

One of the prerequisites for the care of Japanese quince – the fight against
pests and diseases.

Japanese quince is practically not affected by pests. When the weather
damp, wet and cool, optimal conditions are created for
appearances on foliage and fruits of various spots. Sometimes develops
necrosis. Fungal disease leads to deformation and drying out.
leaves.

Another disease is ramulariasis. When it is covered with plant
brown spots. When chalcosporosis occurs brown spots,
which become pale over time.

The most effective way to control pests and diseases –
this is spraying. To do this, use a 0.2% solution of fundozol or
copper-soap liquid (100 g of copper sulfate per ten liters
water). Spraying is carried out before foliage deployment.

You can also use bulb onions: 350 g of scales (or
200 g of husk) is incubated for ten days in ten liters of water.
Filtered infusion is used throughout the summer with
five days.

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