Growing violets is not easy, but the resultworth it. Rules for the successful cultivation of violets at homeconditions

Чт, 28 янв 2016 Автор: Эльвира Корчагина

Saintpaulia is considered a relatively unpretentious plant in
indoor floriculture.

That she pleased her owner with a long and abundant
flowering, it is necessary to create suitable conditions for it.

Contents

We grow up violets: the choice of landing material

The right choice of planting material – the guarantee of a successful
growing violets. You can buy planting material Saintpaulia in
the form of seeds, cuttings, children, starters. If there is a choice between
baby and adult blossoming outlet, it is better to give preference
the latter – “the cat in the bag” (non-blooming plant) can
to disappoint.

It is best to purchase from collectors or flower
exhibitions: the risk of getting a return, sick or infected
pest plant is significantly lower than in random places. With
When buying, you need to pay attention to the appearance of the plant: healthy
specimens are shiny and firm to the touch leaves without spots and
damages, the correct coloring (for each grade the color). For
cuttings are suitable for lower leaves of the second and third order from below.
For beginners, breeding violets should start with simple varieties: they
cheaper and easier to maintain than selection of new items.

Cultivation of violets: landing

Choosing a pot

The root system of violets is located close to the surface.
ground. Therefore, there is no need for deep and large pots.
Flower pots should be 3 times smaller than the outlet. So
the plant will bloom better. For укоренения хороши пластиковые
Glasses, containers, vials from under the drugs.

Temperature conditions

The most favorable temperature when growing violets
It is considered from +18 to +22 centigrade. If the plant overwinters on
cold window sill, the potted soil should not be much
wet, otherwise the death of the flower is inevitable. Summer should be avoided
overheating of flowers on the window from the sun. Violet does not tolerate
drafts.

The soil

Saintpaulia feels great on light sandy soils.
For выращивания фиалки можно купить готовые промышленные почвосмеси
or make yourself at the rate of 4 parts of the sheet (sod)
soil, 1 part peat and sand. Good to add humus, sliced.
sphagnum, perlite.

We grow up violets: leaving, top dressing

Successful care of the Saintpaulias includes correctly
selected method of irrigation, light mode, fertilization.

Lighting

Violet prefers bright but diffuse lighting. On the sun
it is better not to place them in the apartment in order to avoid leaf burns
and flowers. If the windows face only south, in this case, Saintpaulia
need to pritenit. The duration of the insolation is optimal within
12-14 hours. Judge wealth or lack of coverage when
growing violets can be on the appearance of the plant.

With нехватке света листья тянутся вверх, теряют «бархатный» вид,
scapes and peduncles lengthen, flowering is absent or weak
pronounced, variegated varieties disappear spots. With удлинении
a light day over 14-16 hours causes growth retardation, stalks
leaves are bent down, “hugging” the pot, flower stalks are short,
flowers are small and pale. By controlling the light, you can change
the appearance of violets. To the sockets formed correctly, pots with
violets must be periodically rotated. Dust the leaves smack
soft brush or rinse with warm water (be sure to give
plants dry out).

Humidity

Violets do not like dry air. Its high humidity
necessary for seed germination, rooting of leaf cuttings and
kids. For этого их помещают в теплички или накрывают пакетами, а
pots with adult plants are placed in trays with wet moss or
peat However, the main thing here is not to overdo it, otherwise quickly
bacterial and fungal diseases develop. Optimal
option is 46-50%.

Watering

In the irrigation schedule for growing violets, moderation and
flexible approach, taking into account such factors:

• composition of the earth mixture in the pot;

• room temperature;

• brightness;

• age and physiological state of the plant;

• dimensions and material of the pot;

• season of the year.

Wateringать можно несколькими in ways.

With поливе сверху нужно не допускать попадания
moisture on foliage and flowers. The villi hold up water drops, this
leads to the appearance of rot and death of the plant. For предотвращения
washing away the soil with a thin stream of water is directed along the edge of the pot. For
This is convenient to use a syringe or a watering can with a long spout.
The advantage of this method is that together with the water from the soil
harmful salts are washed out.

With поливе с поддона горшочек с фиалкой на 1/4
immersed in a container of water until the earth coma is completely wet.
The rest of the water from the pallet must then be drained. Soой метод
используют для полива молодых растений и kids. Important with this
not to put several pots in one tray to avoid
infection between plants.

With фитильном поливе влага равномерно поступает
in the pot on the twine or cord, dipped in a container with water
fertilizer solution. Soой вариант – magic wand with
the long absence of a person at home (vacation, stay in hospital
etc.). The success of this method is ensured by correct
selected cord parameters (diameter, material, capillary
conductivity).

In winter, if the violets are on a cold window-sill,
the water entering the pot cools rapidly. This depresses the root
the system. Therefore, at this time it is safer to water the usual
in a way.

Tap water for watering should warm to room temperature.
temperature (18-20 degrees) and settle for 20-24 hours for evaporation
from her chlorine.

Feeding

In the spring and summer feeding in the cultivation of violets
1-2 times a month. With этом чередуют минеральные и
organic ingredients. If the plant is planted in fresh soil, then
The first time you can feed in 2 months. Excess amount
fertilizer causes rapid leaf growth, flowering decreases down
until complete cessation. As a result, the decorative look deteriorates.
Before feeding the soil in the pot must be watered. It will save the roots from
burns Plants contained on racks with artificial
lighting, feed up throughout the year.

Breeding

With выращивании фиалок размножать их можно несколькими
in ways.

Укоренение черенка в воде – самый известный
way to. Even a beginner florist can handle it. For успешного
rooting is important the correct choice of cuttings. Old and young leaves
for this they are not suitable. For этой цели лучше выбрать лист со 2 нижнего
row. It should be healthy: elastic, without scratches, deformations,
wounds, burns. It is better to cut it off at an angle of 45 degrees – with this
cut rooting area will be more than with a cross-section.
The length of the cut stalk 4-5 cm. The cut must be dried and sprinkled
activated carbon. It is better to place each stalk in a separate
capacity (for this, vials of drugs are well suited) to
in the water was only the lower part of the petiole. With этом она не должна
abut the bottom or walls of the vessel, and be in a “floating” position.
After the roots appear, the stalk is transplanted into a bowl with a light
soil mixture. Within a month, miniature sockets appear,
which are transplanted separately in shallow pots.

Укоренение черенка в грунте. This method
involves rooting the leaf cutting directly into
prepared ground. Very convenient to use for landing.
food transparent container or disposable plastic cup.
In it, you must first make holes for ventilation. To the bottom
pour 1-1.5 cm of the substrate, then the same layer of vermiculite or
perlite. All moisten. Prepared to plant the stalk to the border
layers. After planting, put the container in the greenhouse (you can
use a zip package) and provide diffused lighting (without
direct sunlight). During the whole rooting process
make sure that condensate does not fall on the leaf plate.

Укоренение листовой пластинки в субстрате. This
the method is used when you want to get as much as possible
�”Kids” from a valuable or rare sort of violets. Leaf cutting
cut a new “sheet.” Soая обрезка стимулирует образование
kids on cropped edges. Or you can cut the leaf blade
into pieces, in each of them must remain at least one major
vein.

Sheet fragments must be disinfected in a weak solution.
potassium permanganate, dry, sprinkle with charcoal. After
This planted them in the substrate and put in a greenhouse. To reduce
the amount of condensate, the greenhouse must be periodically ventilated.

Укоренение цветоносов и пасынков применяют для
reproduction of violet chimeras (they have striped flowers) and trailers. With
In other ways, such specimens bloom beyond the grade and acquire
chaotic color of flowers. To grow stepchildren, it is necessary to cut
tip on the uterine plant. From the lateral sinuses on the resulting
hemp grow stepchildren. When they grow up, they are rooted as
leaf cuttings. In 70-85% of cases, the flowering of such “sides”
different from the mother. More chimeras blooming respectively
variety (90-95%), can be obtained by breeding peduncles. For этого
use a faded flower or bloom. From the peduncle cut
flowers closer to stipules and rooting it in a mini-greenhouse.

Varietal babies grow from stipules, so those who
grow lower, it is necessary to break off. You can try this way.
root flower cups.

Breeding семенами – наиболее сложный метод
разведения сенполий в домашних conditions. Parental plants for
Receipts should be healthy. For посева
it is practical to use a transparent container with a lid. He needs
fill with perlite on which to sow the seeds of violets and moisten from
spray gun. It is necessary to air daily. Substrate is not
should dry up. When the seedlings grow, they need to swoop down and
seated in separate cups.

The main pests and methods to combat them

No florist is insured against the appearance of pests. Get into
pests can through the soil substrate, with new acquired
plants, through open windows, with field and cut bouquets.

Грибные комарики (сциариды)
black flies, which lay up to 300 eggs in a pot with soil.
Hatching, the larvae (white worms with a black head) damage
roots of violets, especially young rosettes. Mushroom control measures
mosquito include mechanical and chemical options.
Adult flies can be destroyed by sticky tapes, fumigators.
An earth ball is recommended to be shed by an insecticide (for example,
Nemabakt, Aktara) under the scheme. Before planting the ground is necessary
steamed.

Цикламеновый клещик неразличим для
human eye. With больших колониях выглядит как слой пепла.
The plant grows poorly, flowering stops, the edges of the leaves
curl down. At the point of growth young leaves become
overly pubescent. On affected blooming flowers
characteristic small specks. The flowers themselves, if opened, then
deformed. For борьбы с клещиком проводят опрыскивание
Flyoverm, Vermitekom or Akarinom. Treatments are carried out 4 times.
every 3 days.

Мучнистый червец (кокциды) — это сосущее
white insect. It settles on the roots and in the axils of the leaves. On
affected tissues appear red-brown spots (bites),
leaf blades are deformed. For уничтожения кокцид чередуют
3-fold treatment with Aktar and Fitoverm with an interval of 5-7
days

Фузариоз. Causative agent of this disease
is a mushroom Fusarium. It appears more often in the cold season
the form of browning and leaf fall, rotting roots. To this
wrong agrotechnology of Saintpaulia promotes: heavy soil,
high humidity, excessive watering, sudden temperature changes,
use of cold water, high nitrogen content. For
plant prevention shed fungicides (solutionfundazol),
observe the mode of lighting, watering.

Мучнистая роса – заболевание, вызываемое
various mushrooms, it infuses buds and flowers with violets, sometimes
leaves. Looks like a mealy patina. On больном растении удаляют
damaged parts and sprayed with Topaz fungicide. Neighboring
Plants must also be sprayed for prophylaxis.

Фитофтороз — заболевание, вызываемое грибом
Phytophthora infestans. It penetrates the plant through the roots. With
defeat violets by this pathogen rots the root neck, on
leaves appear brown spots. Plants can only be saved on
ранней стадии, укоренив незараженные leaves. Diseased plant
need to destroy, sterilize the pot.

Серая гниль (ботридиоз) выглядит как сероватый
plaque on the dying off parts of the plant. With высокой влажности и низкой
temperature pathogen mushroom Botridis affects healthy
plants. To get rid of the fungus spore soil before
using must be disinfected by calcining, freezing. On
the initial stage leaves lose elasticity, become soft,
brown at the edges. Then gray appears on the infected areas.
mold and they die off. They must be removed, the plant is processed
fungicide and transplanted into fresh soil.

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