Growing tobacco: planting, care, fightpests. Which variety is suitable for growing tobacco at home?conditions?

Пн, 23 ноя 2015 Автор: Елизавета Шатунова

Experienced gardeners assure that growing tobacco is no more difficult than
tomatoes

Растение это теплолюбиво и хорошо поддается
культивированию на юге
страны. But with his success
it is cultivated even in cold regions.

Germination and final taste characteristics of tobacco will be
depend not only on the selected variety, but also on the condition of the soil on
plot and abundance of the sun.

Think tobacco is grown only by heavy smokers? Not,
this culture blooms beautifully than it decorates any area, and can
become a means to fight some diseases and pests
common in the garden.

Contents

What sort of tobacco to choose for growing?

There are many varieties of tobacco. But not all of them are suitable for home.
cultivation. If you’re new to this business, choose those types.
plants that are adapted to our climatic conditions –
�”Exotic” varieties leave for professionals, planted them
whole plantations for the further sale of tobacco leaves.

In the world tobacco growing plant is divided into 2 types –
cigar and cigarette. In our country it is easier to cultivate varieties
a cigarette view. We list the most popular varieties of tobacco,
experienced gardeners who choose to cultivate on the dacha
plots or at home:

Трапезонд 92. Устойчивый к вирусным
diseases grade. Famous for its short growing season –
you can harvest in 100 days after planting.

Дукат Крымский. This is a large plant with
fragrant leaves up to 1 m in length. Ripens quickly.

Трапезонд Кубанец. Grows in 105-135 days.
The variety is characterized by an average yield of about 25 technically
suitable for processing tobacco leaves.

Вирджиния 202. Реннеспелый сорт, отлично
gaining strength and flavor. Resistant to disease and stamina
tolerates negative environmental conditions. As part of the leaves
lots of carbohydrates.

Самсун 85. Среднеспелый сорт, достигающий
maturity for 105-110 days after landing on the site. From one bush
you can collect up to 50 leaves – a high-yield plant.

Остролист 316. В растении, по сравнению с
its other varieties contain a small amount of nicotine.
Ripens late – up to 120 days.

Дюбек. The variety comes from Turkey. Named the best
aromatic tobacco all over the world. In the middle lane he will not show
large yields – suitable only for growing in hot
climate.

Деревенский табачок. Frost resistant and
unpretentious. Suitable for growing not only in the open
plot, but also on the windowsill or balcony.

Юбилейный новый 142. Быстросозревающий сорт —
crop can be harvested 80 days after planting. Resistant to many
diseases.

Buy tobacco seeds from reliable vendors. Find them in
Free sale on store shelves is unlikely to succeed – look in
online stores or private traders who are engaged
plant cultivation. Cost of seed, depending on
selected varieties ranging from 30-100 rubles. for 50 pcs. And in
continue to buy seeds and do not need – 2-3 bush plants
will give so many seeds that they can sow hectares of land.

Choosing a place for planting tobacco

Tobacco, if we provide it with optimal conditions for development,
can take root in any conditions. The best soil for the plant –
light, loose, pebble-rubble structure, with a high content
humus In marshy, too wet areas, tobacco does not grow.
will be. Culture loves the sun, and therefore, pick a landing
unshadowed areas of the garden. Here cold winds should not blow –
for seedlings they will be disastrous.

When choosing a place for growing tobacco, consider the crop rotation.
It has been established that the best plant precursors are legumes,
cereals, winter breads, beets, perennial grasses. And inот после
solanaceous and sunflower tobacco in the same place do not plant
It is recommended because these plants have similar diseases.
there is a risk of infecting young landings.

Sowing and planting tobacco

Just starting to grow tobacco? Then start with
cultivating a few bushes, not whole beds – try
your strength and check how well it takes root in the data
climatic conditions selected plant variety.

Tobacco loves heat, so you can never wait for the harvest when
sowing seeds immediately in open ground, because in cold ground they
will not hatch. Лучший вариант — высаживать растение
seedlings.

Seed material is very small, which makes it difficult to work with it. AND
Although it is easier to plant dry seeds, they are better
pre-prepare to achieve quick shoots. For
this 3-5 days before the intended disembarkation on the seedlings soak
seeds, wrapped in a soft cloth, in warm clear water. Here
you can add a couple of drops of tartaric acid or several
crystals of potassium nitrate. In this form, the seed material
leave for a day. Then rinse the seeds, drain the excess water and
leave in a warm place on the germination in the earthenware or
enamelled container (also – in a rag). Rag periodically
moisturize. After 2-4 days, the seeds hatch. Should not be allowed
Formation sprout longer than a seed! When most of the seeds
hatch, they need to be dried thoroughly, mixed with sand or
humus In this state, if you can not start
�“Right now” to planting the plant, the material can be stored until
landing a few more days.

Start cooking seedlings for growing tobacco in
February-March. By the beginning of the season young seedlings are already enough
will get stronger for transplanting to a “permanent place of residence”. Scheme
tobacco sowing on seedlings is as follows:

• Fill a pot or seedling box with nutritious
ground.

• Water the soil before sowing.

• Depth of seeding is no more than 0.8 cm.

• Sprinkle seeds with a mixture of humus and sand (3: 1).

• Water the soil (waterlogging is not allowed).

The optimum temperature required for seed germination –
+ 25 … + 28 ˚C. Keep a container of seedlings can be on the windowsill or
balcony When the first shoots appear above the ground, the temperature
better to lower to +20 ° C. Planting should be watered regularly.
Do this carefully so that the seeds do not go deep into the ground. 2-3
Feed the plant several times with mineral fertilizers (for example,
saltpeter diluted in water).

Pick in the stage perform 3-4 full leaves on
stalk. The seedling will be ready for planting on the open ground later.
40-45 days. A week before the deadline, begin to harden the young seedlings,
so that they gain strength and prepare for life under the open
the sky. For a couple of days, stop watering the plants.

Seedlings transfer to the open area in May – when fully
the threat of late spring frost is over. Do it like this:

• In the prepared grooves make the depth to the depth
30 cm. Distance between plants – 20 cm, and between rows – 70
cm.

• Pour 0.5-1 liters of water into each well.

• Place the seedling with a lump of “native” land into the hole.

• Sprinkle roots with damp earth, tamp down a little.

• Place dry soil on top.

Now, to get high yields of fragrant at the end of the season
leaves, tobacco needs proper care.

Cultivation and care of tobacco

The best temperature for the growth and development of tobacco is 18-24 ° C.
Some varieties of plants tolerate calm and cold conditions – to
+2 ° C. Favorable soil moisture – 60-70%. When small
Illumination seedlings will develop poorly. Similar conditions
can be provided in many regions of our country, which is why
summer residents take up the cultivation of tobacco.

Your expectations for growing tobacco may not be justified. But
the reason for poor germination and productivity is not always
Selected variety and seed quality. Soil condition, day length,
humidity and temperature of the air – when growing tobacco everything is important!
How does a plant gain its final characteristics?

• The color, size and texture of the leaves depends on the composition of the soil.

• The fragrance of the leaves depends on the humidity of the air and the soil.

• The leaves are saturated with a special taste due to free circulation.
of air.

We list the basic rules of care for planting when growing
tobacco:

•Полив. Stick to the rule “better
to fill out, than to pour. Experienced gardeners cost 2-3 watering per
season, while spending at the same time 5-8 liters of water for 1 bush. When the plant
enough to grow, you can even stop his watering.

Рыхление. During the period of active growth, tobacco
needs regular loosening and removal of weeds, otherwise –
landing overgrown.

Подкормка. Proper fertilization
shows excellent results. For хорошей урожайности важно
observe the optimum ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in
used dressings. Immediately after planting seedlings can
fertilize them with slurry with superformat. Effective also
sulfur solution in water. After the appearance of inflorescences, many gardeners
process tobacco infusion of garlic and onion peel.

Вершкование. Removal of inflorescences and upper
leaves contributes to increased tobacco yields because
nutrients will not be spent on flowering, and go
on the development of valuable leaves.

Pest and Disease Control

The smell of growing tobacco scares off some pests. But
there are still “specimens” that the plant attracts. Care
bushes, basically, and will be to fight disease and
pests.

We list the diseases that are dangerous to tobacco and harm:

Персиковая тля. Common view
an insect that feeds on both wild and cultural species
tobacco. Aphid sucks the juice from the leaves and stems of the plant, worsening
thereby the final properties of the raw materials and reducing yields. Recognize
you can aphid by the sticky secretions that she leaves after her
�”Meal”. Seeing the first signs of the pest, you can handle
planting solution of methation or rogora.

Табачный трипс. This pest does not eat
only tobacco, but also other cultivated plants. Insects eat
leaves, reducing yields and suffering dangerous diseases. To
avoid pest infestation no later than a month before landing
process the soil with 12% hexachlorane dust. Three times per season
spray dilute stands metation suspension or
Rogora.

Black корневая гниль. Disease, more often
affecting seedlings, but adult plants can also become infected.
Tobacco leaves wither and dry, and the roots in advanced stages
lesions die off. From the rot will help watering the soil with benat.
The drug is used for prevention when tillage immediately
after planting, and at the first signs of infection.

Black ножка. The disease can completely
destroy seedlings – the affected base of the stem becomes thin
and gradually dying off. The bad thing is that the causative agent of the disease
remains in the soil – the next “batch” of plantings is also infected. Black
the leg is more pronounced in high humidity and in the ground with
excess nitrogen. For профилактики от черной ножки
you can try spraying the seedlings with a 0.3% suspension of 80%
zineba

Мучнистая роса. Bacterial disease
manifested by the appearance on the leaves of a whitish powdery plaque.
Tobacco leaves turn brown and with further drying lose their flavor. From
powdery mildew can be disposed of with a 1% colloidal suspension
sulfur.

Мозаика. Pathogenic virus altering
coloring of tobacco leaves – light green blotches appear.
Later, the infected areas of the leaves die off. ANDсточник заражения —
plant residues that have not been harvested from the site before planting.
Effective remedy against all types of mosaic – 80%
polycarbacin.

Бактериальная рябуха. Disease
accompanied by the appearance of oily or weeping on the leaves
stains, which leads to decay of plants. From возбудителя вируса
it is very difficult to get rid of, since it may persist for some
time even on the garden inventory. Summer residents help mass
spraying of plants with 0.5% Bordeaux liquid. But лучше
prevent disease, observing crop rotation.

Since pathogens can remain in the soil and on
inventory, when detecting “contagion” is recommended to handle all
working tools and, if possible, nearby areas of soil.
ANDнвентарь хорошо очищается 40 %-ным формалином. His then follows
leave for 3-4 days under a tarp at a temperature not lower than 10 ° C.

Tobacco Harvest

Уже в августе можно приступать к сбору tobacco. Some varieties
plants need to be kept in the ground a little longer – until the end
September Lower leaves of tobacco gently break off and hold on
sun for 2 days. After that, the raw materials must be dried on
for a couple of months in a dark, wet room – suitable
basement.

The process of preparing tobacco leaves for use is complicated. To
to get at the exit aromatic cigar leaves, they are necessary
fermentation – the aging of raw materials in certain conditions. Depending
from the selected variety, the process of temperature and humidity
indicators vary. Tobacco, obtained at home,
will necessarily differ in properties from products purchased in
the store.

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