Growing lettuce on the site. Waysgrowing juicy salad greens, getting good yields,feeding and care

Ср, 16 мар 2016 Автор: Евгений
Grammatikati

Growing lettuce will not burden the owner of a private house, but use
from this product quite a lot.

The composition of the leaf salad contains many minerals, and
organic acids.

The use of this product in food favorably affects
digestion, normalizes and improves metabolism.

Many salads in our country can be grown year-round:
during the warm time in the open, and winter in
protected ground.

This plant delivers a vitamin crop at the very beginning of the year,
Salad grows well on the windowsill.

More than a hundred different salads are known, among them are found as
Forms of heading, and not heading, but only
a rosette of leaves, at the heading varieties, an outlet is first formed, and
after that the loose head grows.

Contents

Growing lettuce. Selection of planting material, seeds

Types of salad

Salad plants are called lettuce, kale,
ordinary salad and chicory, arugula, field salad, etc.

Types of salad plants

Уйсун. Asparagus type of salad with narrow
leaves – Uysun, mainly cultivated in Nepal, India, Japan,
China and Mongolia. To the table use the leaves and shoots of the plant,
growing to 120 cm in height. Leaves are used as food.
only fresh, and the stems are as fresh as they are very
tasty salted or fried. Fresh leaves of this culture
perfectly combined with egg, onion, cucumber and radish.

Фризе. It is also called curly endive, it
a type of chicory salad leaves of this culture are known to many
bitterness. The savory bitterness of this green goes well with
citrus, cheese, shrimp and fish.

Ромен. The fibrous greens of this salad,
forms an elongated, loose head, with a spicy tart taste.
It is combined with spicy plants and sour cream sauce.

Батавия. Half-nosed salad, which was created in
France. Has leaves with wavy green or reddish
surface, collected in a large, slightly sprawling outlet.
Batavia goes well with nuts and meat.

Эскариоль. Broadleaf salad, this is one of
types of chicory salad. Tart flavor goes well with ham,
cabbage, green peas, bell peppers.

Дуболистный салат. Leafy plants,
a green or red shaped rosette slightly resembling
oak leaf. This plant has an original nutty flavor,
It is well combined with dishes from fish, mushrooms and delicate sauces.
The leaves of the plant are sensitive to sudden changes in temperature.

Эндивий. This kind of lettuce, forms a rosette of
oblong leaves, usually it is grown in autumn and winter.
The color of this salad, depending on the variety may be different –
dark green or yellowish. To reduce the bitterness of their leaves
soaked in salted water or boiled. Finished products
stewed, used for soups, various side dishes and for salads,
Prepare salads from fresh herbs.

ATитлуф. This cicorn salad, also called
french or belgian endive. It is grown in a special way –
root crops, fully grown in the summer, and in the winter in
in the absence of light, the yellowish or white coaches are thrown out of them.
Vitluf is used in food raw or after heat treatment.
– bake or stew.

Радиччио. This is a kind of chicory, its
heads of cabbage during growth gradually become pink. Salad with
bitter taste, well preserved in the refrigerator. Used in
the food is fresh and fried.

Айсберг. This salad is a bit like
white cabbage. The name he received thanks to farmers
California, which transported the finished product, falling asleep
small ice. The plant has a juicy, light green leaves with small
teeth on the edge. Dense heading grows up to 1 kg, use it
mainly in dishes with greens or vegetables.

Коралловый салат. Reddish or green
colors, curly, delicate leaves with a little bitter, nutty
The taste is well kept. This kind of salad is well suited.
to grilled meat.

Growing lettuce. Sowing (timing, feeding, shelter,
temperature, soil, etc.)

Salad on the agrotechnology – one of the most undemanding
cultures. Due to the short growing season, the plants are almost
do not affect diseases and pests. To the complexity of the culture of salad
carry only laborious sowing and the need to break through the seedlings
or dive them when grown with seedlings.

Sprouted Salad Seeds

You can sow lettuce in 10-12 days, but take in
the calculation that from the end of May plants can form
inflorescences and greens will grow bitter. It can also happen when
sowing in dry soil, for this reason, all summer sow resistant varieties.
Although lettuce and maintains well the temperature reduction, with early
sowing (after melting snow), it is desirable to sow under agrofibre
or film. Between plants leave gaps for roaming
varieties 10-12 cm with 30 cm row spacing, for semi-capped ones gaps
8-10 cm and for leaf varieties of 4-5 cm with spacing of 20 cm, depth
sowing 1.5-2 cm

For growing lettuce you should not use saline and
saline areas with high acidity (the most suitable
acidity for this culture is 6-7.2 pH) and on clay and heavy
soils. In general, this culture is unpretentious, a good harvest can be
to grow when fertilizing with mineral fertilizers in areas with
high humus content.

The site must be prepared long before sowing, the best – in
autumn period. First we need to grow perennial weeds.
(bindweed, prairie, bitterness and blackthorn) after which they are processed
herbicide. Then they wait two weeks, allowing the herbicide to be sucked in
rhizome. After that, you can perform basic soil treatment on
plot.

Sour soil, lime, and on the solonetz make gypsum, if
soil is low in potassium and phosphorus;
appropriate fertilizers. Dig the soil at 22-25 cm and immediately
level, and harrow.

Since the lettuce plant develops quickly, and it is small,
the amount of nutrients used to form
vegetative mass is small, and you need to feed the plants in
small quantities. This culture is developing poorly as when
excess of nutrients in the soil, and with their lack. AT
hot period it is important to monitor calcium security – this
will help avoid internal necrosis.

It is necessary to water the salad in time, wet the soil during the heat
under the plants every day, if cool – once through
two or three days. Lettuce leaves should not be wetted so that
provoke the development of fungal diseases, it is best to water
plants using drip irrigation.

ATысадка рассады

Lettuce seedlings are grown only in pots or peat.
dice without transplant, the reason is that the root system of seedlings
this culture does not tolerate damage. ATысаживать готовую рассаду
the salad needs to be very small – so that not completely
immerse an earthen room in the soil leaving 0.5-1 cm of its height on
surface. If the seedling is planted deep, the lower leaves can
rot. If it was not possible to deposit potash or
phosphate fertilizers, you can make them during planting
seedlings.

Seedlings ready for planting

Varieties are better to choose resistant to the most common diseases
of this culture is bremya, and the most dangerous pest is
nazonovii. This will reduce the number of chemical treatments of plants.
from pests and diseases, and this is important for culture with
short growing season.

Harvesting

Gather greens of lettuce in the morning, before the onset of heat,
it is desirable to cool the resulting product immediately to 2-5 degrees. So
the salad is better transported and stays fresh for 12-15 days.

Lettuce seedlings

With the help of seedlings, it is easier to grow lettuce greens much earlier,
than when sowing in the ground and at the same time avoid laborious
thinning. AT последних числах февраля посейте по одному семечку
in pots or cups. After the emergence of seedlings they need
immediately move to a well-lit, but cool room,
maintaining there 12-15 degrees in the daytime and 8-10 degrees in
night period. After the formation of 1-2 true leaves drop off
seedlings under temporary shelter, removing weak seedlings. Fertilize
lettuce seedlings can be directly on the bed in two weeks
(if the plot was not fertilized in the spring).

The main pests and how to deal with them

The lettuce plant forms a compact bush of lower leaves,
on a short stalk that causes moisture retention and
subsequently infection of diseases. The most common
lettuce diseases:

• Seedlings – black leg;

• ATзрослые растения — серая и белая гниль, ложная мучнистая
dew;

• Physiological damage to the plant – the plate edge burned
leaves.

Черная ножка. Appearance of rot on the seeds and
lettuce seedlings are possible with restraining conditions
seed germination, with poor aeration and high humidity. To
reduce the risk of seedlings, you need to sow the seeds in
soil mixtures that are disinfected and steamed
use perlite sand. One month before sowing seeds
treated with special disinfectants.

Серая гниль. The disease affects the green mass
plants, on leaves and stems in areas of contact with raw
ground formed necrotic spots. Gray rot develops at
overcast weather and high humidity. At harvest lower
infected leaves must be removed and burned. Disease
very dangerous in the pre-harvest period.

Ложная мучнистая роса. Parasitic fungus
affects only salad and related cultures.
Saved for a long time on weeds or post-harvest
leftover salad. When the weather is wet, the fungus penetrates the plant tissue
and spreads inside it. The most effective ways –
removal of plant residues, planting resistant varieties, destruction
weeds, maintaining a microclimate.

Белая гниль. Successfully develops with permanent
culture without soil treatment against infections. Plants get sick
in the initial phase of growth and after closing the leaves of the plant rosette.
Disease поражает лежащие на почве листья, и стебель возле крепления
к стеблю нижних leaves. There is watery rot on the leaves,
sprawling on the base of the leaves and the stem, the tissues turn into
soft mass Spores of the fungus are long preserved in the soil and in addition to lettuce
can hit cucumbers and tomatoes.

The most effective way to combat disinfection of the soil with
couple. The fight against this disease is to maintain the moisture of the soil
в пределах 65-70% НAT и устройства хорошей вентиляции.

Ожог края листа — болезнь салата
physiological nature. You can detect it by the appearance of brown
staining on the edge of the sheet and the subsequent death of tissue. Soие
symptoms can be detected in several as well as in many
leaves of bush lettuce. This disease may be due to a violation
in the care of plants (sudden changes in humidity and temperature,
drying of the substrate). Different varieties of lettuce differ in persistence
to the disease.

ATредители

The growth period of the salad is very short, and the majority of pests are not
have time to hurt him. But with the onset of spring, the houses begin
for airing to open the windows, in which pests fly in
streets. These are mainly aphids sucking the sap from the plants that their
very depressing. ATо время питания эти тли выделяют сладкую жидкость
– Pad serving as a substrate for the development of soot fungus.

Aphids on salad

AT открытом грунте борьба с тлями производится в основном
agrotechnical method, which is the destruction of weeds
plants near the garden beds with lettuce. Use for this and
chemical method – preventive spraying of seedlings of 0.10%
раствором фитоверма в фазе 2-х настоящих leaves.

So же салату вредит белокрылка тепличная, ее личинки угнетает
young plant, and at the same time serves as a carrier of viral
infections.

Ways борьбы: истребление сорняков возле
lettuce beds sterilization of soil mix, processing
insecticide seedlings and greenhouse designs, using
entomophages and glue traps.

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