Food poisoning – the first signs and allsymptoms. First aid for food poisoning, treatment,prophylaxis

Вт, 17 янв 2017 Автор: врач терапевт Елена
Kornilov

The incidence of food poisoning in the world, according to WHO,
increases annually. There are some difficulties in statistics in
recent years due to the fact that not all countries fix and
systematize information about the poisoning. According to who statistics
five years ago, the death rate from food poisoning in the world
is annually 2 million people, of which 75% are children under 14
years old. The dynamics of morbidity is 10 –
12%.

Contents

Features of food poisoning and classification

Food poisoning is a collective term that unites
clinic acute digestive disorders (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea),
arising after the reception of substandard products or drinks.
Sometimes, depending on the type of poisoning, clinical symptoms
much more.

Food poisoning is classified into:

• infectious – pathogens: bacteria, viruses, protozoa;
such poisonings are food toxicoinfections (PTI);

• non-infectious (toxic) – are the result
ingestion of toxins, poisons, when used in food poisonous
herbs, mushrooms.

A dangerous feature of food poisoning is:

• small incubation period (2-6 hours);

• rapid progression of the disease.

Also characteristic:

• mass destruction: all people who have consumed
unsuitable product;

• poisoning can occur even normal in appearance and taste.
food, because the food could have already been seeded with germs;

• Potentially dangerous are long stored after
cooking dishes.

Food poisoning – the first signs

The first signs of food poisoning occur in the interval through
1 – 2 and up to 6 hours after poisoning. In the next 2 days they
progressing and further without treatment can lead to severe
the consequences.

Symptoms of food poisoning depend on certain
factors:

• a toxin or infectious agent that caused the poisoning;

• the amount of food eaten or drunk poisoned
toxin;

• general condition of the body.

But the first signs of food poisoning are always the same,
независимо от вышеперечисленных factors:

• heat;

• decrease or lack of appetite;

• general weakness;

• diarrhea and cramping abdominal pain;

• flatulence;

• nausea and vomiting;

• cold sticky sweat, low pressure.

All symptoms of food poisoning

In some cases, the clinic is developing very quickly, and all
symptoms of food poisoning develop within 1 to 2 hours,
at the same time the condition of the patient becomes heavier, and he needs
emergency treatment.

All symptoms of food poisoning нередко бывают единственной
information that helps make a diagnosis because children do not
can explain their complaints, and in adults because of the severity of the condition
sometimes it is difficult to collect anamnesis. Change in vomiting (frequency, type and
the number of vomitus, feces (blood admixture, color, odor,
consistency, stool frequency), temperature response – these are the main
signs that need to be carefully observed, analyzed, and
Based on them, a diagnosis is made in the first hours of poisoning.

May also occur:

• visual impairment (diplopia or complete loss);

• decreased muscle tone;

• increased salivation;

• brain damage (hallucinations, delusions, coma);

• damage to the peripheral nervous system (paresis,
paralysis).

These symptoms are more common with neurotoxic lesions.
poisons In pregnant women, children up to 3 years old and elderly people
there is a particularly severe course of food poisoning, and not
death is excluded.

Food poisoning – first aid

Urgent hospitalization for emergency treatment is carried out in
difficult situations when there is a threat to life. Mostly
cases at the initial stage of food poisoning first aid
turns out to be at home.

First Aid Events:

• detoxification;

• detoxification;

• elimination of dehydration;

• etiotropic treatment is not required until the diagnosis is clarified (for
exception of the anamnesis and bright clinical manifestations,
evidence of infection – botulism, salmonellosis).

The volume of first aid for food poisoning depends on the time
past since the moment of poisoning and severity of the condition.

There are rules that everyone should keep in mind:

1. Do not take antiemetic or antidiarrheal drugs.
drugs, because vomiting and diarrhea are protective mechanisms
the body and the fastest way to massive elimination
toxins.

2. Give the victim plenty of fluid (clean water).
and induce vomiting to remove toxins from the stomach. Washing
stomach to continue until clear clear water.

3. Restoration of water – electrolyte balance and volume
lost liquid: drink plenty with pharmacy forms
salt solutions or cooked at home. Finished
solutions for oral administration: Regidron, Normogidron, Oralit,
Chlorazol, Gastrolit, Hydrovit, etc. Solutions are diluted by
attached instructions, for example, 1 packet of Regidron is divorced to 1
liter of water, you need to drink 3 liters (use during the day 3 packages
Rehydron) for maximum effect. Oral
rehydrants are used between vomiting and intake
drugs.

In the absence of ready solutions you can use weak
manganese solution (the solution should be pink) or 2%
alkaline (with the addition of baking soda to water), glucose – salt (3
tablespoons of sugar +1 tsp of salt per 1 liter of water).

4. For the rapid elimination of toxins, the use of sorbents is mandatory (in
If there is already absorption of toxins in the intestine):
Polysorb (powder, soluble in water, convenient for use,
Enterosgel, Enterol, in extreme cases – activated white and
black coal, the tablets of which can be crushed and given in water from
calculation: 1 tablet per kilogram of weight with a frequency of every 3 hours.
Usually with repeated vomiting and diarrhea, up to 20 can be used.
tablets once.

5. In case of a strong painful attack, the use of analgesics is unacceptable.
or antibiotics, if not diagnosed. Reception is possible
antispasmodics (No shp, Drotaverin, Riabal, etc.).

6. If vomiting and diarrhea are absent, laxatives should be taken.
drugs to prevent further absorption of toxins in
intestines. For this purpose, sodium and magnesium sulfates are prescribed: 1 tbsp
a spoonful of the drug is dissolved in 0.5 cups of liquid and washed down
plenty of water.

Treatment of food poisoning in the hospital

Food poisoning treatment is different from treating acute
intestinal infections, because it is much easier and faster:
mild forms of food poisoning can safely resolve to 3 –
th day alone.

The main directions of treatment

• detoxification;

• prophylaxis обезвоживания;

• restoration of intestinal biocenosis;

• normalization of the gastrointestinal tract by a mode of gentle nutrition.

But food poisoning is often life threatening. Sharp
symptoms that develop in a short time require immediate
hospitalization and treatment in a specialized unit.

Indications for hospitalization in food poisoning are
also:

• temperature up to 40 С;

• poisoning in a child up to 3 years old (fast
dehydration in case of diarrhea and vomiting, which can make it heavier
state);

• pregnancy and old age of patients;

• poisoning by toxic fungi and toxic plants
formulations and liquids;

• diarrhea more than 10 times a day with an admixture of blood, indomitable
vomiting, high fever, lasting two days, severe
growing weakness;

• as a result – the general dehydration of the body (dry
mucous membranes, reduced urine production up to anuria, weight loss
body).

Only a doctor who decides
questions about the need for hospitalization.

1. In a hospital, parenteral rehydration is performed.
This is especially important in case of poisoning in children who cannot drink.
the required amount of fluid.

For parenteral rehydration, Trisol solutions are used.
Kvartasol, Acesol, Laktosol, etc.

2. Sorbents are used with caution in young children and
elderly patients.

3. Antispasmodics – with the urge to stool, cramping
pain in the abdomen.

4. Antiemetic and antidiarrheal therapy is necessary only in
severe cases with indomitable vomiting and diarrhea, since and the main
mass of toxins already out of the body. Appointed by Zerukal,
Motilium, Imodium and others.

5. Antipyretics are prescribed only to patients, bad
high temperature (NSAID drugs: Paracetamol,
Ibuklin / paracetamol with ibuprofen /)

6. Probiotics and prebiotics (remedies
normal intestinal biocenosis, containing live bacteria or their
components – Enterohermina, Linnex, Bifidumbacterin, Baktusubtil and
others).

7. Also in the conditions of a hospital is performed gastric lavage.
probe, siphon enemas. For procedures up to 10 liters is used.
water.

For a long time, the condition of the digestive tract may not
restore. It is associated with irritation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and
bowel and in some cases requires additional
treatment.

But basically, recovery from poisoning is compliance.
diets.

Пищевое отравление – prophylaxis

To avoid food poisoning and associated unpleasant
symptoms and complications, you need to follow the elementary rules
hygiene, which are the prevention of food poisoning.

• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating or cooking.
food.

• wash vegetables and fruits well, especially in the hot season,
Do not allow flies to land on food.

• Heat treat raw eggs, fish, meat or
roast; thoroughly wash the chopping board and knife after raw
meat.

• Defrosting meat – before cooking, but not when
room temperature, and in the microwave or in the refrigerator.

• Monitor the temperature in the refrigerator – at least 30 C.

• Be wary of mushrooms and food from the catering, not
apply products of dubious quality.

• Do not store metal cans with preservation for more than 2 years;
it is also impossible to store food in copper and zinc ware.

• Do not eat certain types of milk and caviar
fish caught during their spawning (pike, mackerel, burbot,
perch).

If you remember and adhere to these rules, you will be able to save
health for many years and avoid unpleasant diseases and severe
complications.

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