Dahlias: cultivation, care, storage, pestsand diseases. Principles and secrets of successful growing dahlias onplot

Чт, 04 фев 2016 Автор: Эльвира Корчагина

Growing dahlias is possible even for a beginner.
gardener-grower.

Bright and diverse in shape and color flowers will be
worthy decoration of any site.

To bloom was lush and long, you need to study
cultivation of dahlias.

Contents

Growing Dahlias: Choosing Planting Material

The choice of planting material depends on the landing site,
climatic zone, variety, cultivation purposes (for cutting, as
border plant, in landscaping balconies, etc.), resistance to
diseases, keeping quality, periods of vegetation.

The planting material of dahlias can be represented as
seeds, delenok with awakened buds, rooted cuttings,
seedlings.

При выборе семян надо внимательно изучить
information on the package: the size of the inflorescence, the expected height of the plant,
timing of flowering. Dahlia seeds are grown as one-year
culture

«Правильная» деленка должна выглядеть так:
last stump’s little stump, root neck has 2-3
growth buds and tubers well spliced ​​with it.

In appearance, the rootclub should be dense, not
shriveled, without stains of rot and mold, medium size. What is it like
times the case when “size matters”: large or huge
tubers (unless it is a sign of variety) with a dark wrinkled
surface say that they are taken from the age (3-4
summer) bush. A new plant from them will grow, but new tubers
does not form in the autumn.

Укорененные черенки и рассаду лучше приобретать
in May, shortly before landing in the ground.

Grow dahlias: planting

Choice of place

Dahlias do not like the neighborhood of large trees. For growing
dahlias are diverted to a fairly well-lit area, protected from
winds. Lowland places for these colors are not suitable: in them
cold air prevails, frosts occur earlier than on
elevated sites. Heat-loving dahlias in such conditions is bad
grow, the stems are pulled out, weak tubers are formed.

The soil

For growing георгинов подходит суглинистый или удобренный
sandy soil. To enrich it, humus or
peat compost (3-4 kg / m2) and dug to a depth of 0.2-0.3 m.
In the spring, mineral fertilizer is added (60-80g per 1 m2). On sandy
It is recommended to add trace elements in the form of aqueous
solutions.

Pre-preparation

Before planting, dahlias can be propagated by root tubs,
cuttings, seeds or grafting.

Прививка на корнеклубень довольно сложный
reception, so it is rarely used.

Размножение клубнями и черенкованием используют
for semi-terry and terry varieties. In this case, the plants retain
varietal traits.

Before dividing the tubers inspect and sort. Do it in
late march. For germination, they are laid out at
+ 12-16 ° C on moistened sand or peat in suitable containers (boxes,
pots). When the appeared sprouts reach 1-2 cm, you can
proceed to the division: with a sharp knife, the roots are cut so that
each separate part had a slice of root neck with 1-2
by the kidneys.

Sections are sprinkled with crushed coal to prevent rotting and plant
at 11-12 centimeter pots. Long tubers can be shortened
bottom 1 / 2-1 / 3 lengths to make it easier to plant them.

Sprouted shoots on tubers can be grafted
when they reach the size of 5-7 cm (in the presence of 3-4 leaves). Stalk
cut off under the internode. They are planted in light sandy pots.
soil to a depth of 2 cm.

After 2-3 weeks, rooted cuttings are planted in separate
pots.

Vegetatively propagated varieties age over time and
degenerate.

Семенное размножение используют для выведения
New varieties, growing annual species and mini dahlias.
Tubers do not propagate them because of poor keeping quality. Dwarf
dahlias grown from seeds, remain low growth and abundantly
bloom. Sow them in the 2nd half of March. Dive one by one
in a 7-cm pot.

Landing time

Planting dahlias in open ground depends on climatic conditions.
terrain conditions. As soon as the soil warms up (the second half
May) it is possible to plant root crops. Seedlings from seed cuttings
Podroshchennye delenki planted after passing frosts.
The optimal time for this is the last decade of May – the beginning of June. In
avoid damage to landings with frosts, you must have on hand
covering material. Late landing is also not recommended,
this leads to the fact that the plants are drawn, they have reduced
flowering intensity, aging of root tubers.

How to plant dahlias?

The planting pattern is determined depending on the height of the variety:

• for dwarf – 50 cm;

• for sredneroslyh – 60-70cm;

• tall – 90 cm.

The distance between the rows should be at least 1 m. This will provide
sufficient food area for each bush, ease care
by him. The wells make a depth of 20-25 cm, with a diameter of 30-35 cm. In the hole
make 2-3 tablespoons of wood ash or 10-15 g of mineral
fertilizers, mixing them with the ground. Plant dahlias so much to
root collar buried 3-5 cm into the soil. When planting large
undivided tubers recommended at the bottom of the fossa pour small
a mound of earth and on it radially spread out the roots.

Cutting plants are planted even deeper – to the first true
leaves. Immediately after planting, seedlings must be watered abundantly.

Growing dahlias: care

Caring for dahlias is not complicated. It includes tying,
pasynkovanie, watering, loosening, dressing.

High-grade dahlias need garters for stakes,
because they break easily in strong winds. Support is better to put
сразу при посадке, to не повредить корнеклубни plants.

Watering and loosening

The amount of watering depends on weather conditions. During the heat
Planted plants are watered every day, morning and evening. a lack of
moisture during this period contributes to reduced development, lignification
stalk, lower flowering. Further, the frequency of watering regulate
of necessity. In the period of bud formation and early flowering
watering increase.

Land under dahlias should be loosened every time after watering or
fertilizer application. After the closure of the bushes, the loosening is stopped.
Excellent results are obtained by mulching: the land around dahlias
cover with a humus or peat a layer of 5-8 m. It provides the best
warming up the soil, preserving moisture, delaying the growth of weeds, reduces
need for loosening.

Fertilizer

For fertilizing use such organic fertilizers as
mullein, bird droppings. They are introduced in the form of water infusion 1:10 and 1:20
respectively. The first feeding should be no earlier than 15 days after
landing. If fertilizer was applied to the well during planting, then
next time you can feed the plants no earlier than a month.

How to speed up the blooming of dahlias?

The following measures contribute to earlier flowering:

• early landing (under cover);

• reduced daylight hours;

• formation of a bush;

• pasynkovanie.

To reduce light day, young plants need to arrange
“artificial night”: from 15-16 o’clock in the afternoon they are closed
light-proof material (black film or heavy paper), and
early in the morning take off. This procedure is carried out for 3-4 weeks. If usually
dahlias bloom in late July – early August, then plants,
Subjected to a reduced light day, bloom for a month
earlier.

For large-flowered dahlia bushes, it’s enough to leave 1-2
strong escape, the weaker must be removed. At grafted plants
leave 1 stalk. Form a bush after the appearance of stepsons. For
This they are regularly removed until the last internode before the buds.
If the side shoots are left, especially at the bottom of the stem, then
as a result, flowering will shrink, flowers will be smaller.
Dwarf сорта георгинов не пасынкуются.

In vigorous varieties also cut off the lower leaves. This
the procedure contributes to the maturation of the tubers, increases their
keeping quality during storage.

If dahlias are grown for cutting or exhibition, then
the period of budding in such instances should be removed medium buds.
They grow faster, but have a short flower stalk. After removing them from
lateral buds develop long flower stalks with lush
flowers.

Dahlia blooms before cooling, giving up to 15-25 inflorescences from one
plants. With the advent of the danger of frost, their
окучивают на высоту не менее 15-20 см, to сохранить нижнюю часть
stalk frosting. This may cause decay.
root neck and root canals death.

Dahlia storage

Dahlia foliage withstands short frosts down to -1 ° C, stems
to -2 ° C. Before digging the aerial part of the plant is cut, leaving
15-18 cm stem. Korneklubni dig in dry weather, carefully
undermining from all sides. Pulling them out should not be avoided.
separation of individual tubers. For предотвращения заболеваний клубни
disinfect an average solution of potassium permanganate (30 minutes) or
dipped in lime mortar (200 g of lime in 1 liter of water) After
this is dried and placed in boxes with coniferous sawdust or perlite
for winter storage. The temperature in the room where they are stored
root crops should be + 5-7 ° C. Storage location pre
must be disinfected with iron vitriol,
potassium permanganate.

The main pests and methods to combat them

Тли – самый распространенный вредитель. There are
greenish yellow or brown in size up to 2mm. Breed
quickly in dry hot weather, settle colonies on the bottom of the leaves, on
young shoots, buds. They suck the plant’s juice,
the result is that the shoots are bent, the leaves curl, turn yellow,
covered with sticky insect secretions. For уничтожения тли георгины
sprayed with insecticides Aktara, Fitoverm, Konfidor.

Слюнявая пенница – это небольшие (5-6 мм)
cicadas, the caterpillars of which live in the “saliva” they secrete are foamy
sticky fluid. Они высасывают соки plants. Damaged leaves
wrinkle, turn yellow and fade. Of chemical preparations for
insect extermination using Inta-Vir, Fufanon.

Нематода – нитевидный червь размером 1 мм.
It affects the buds, leaves. Leaf blades are covered first.
stained, declines and fades. With further defeat foliage
turns brown and showered. A diseased plant with a lump of earth and
burned. The soil in the contaminated area is treated with chlorine
lime.

Паутинный клещ еле различим для невооруженного
eyes: this small insect is up to 0.5 mm long. It multiplies rapidly in
dry weather. Sucks the sap of plants. On damaged leaves in
places of bites are observed depressed points. Постепенно foliage
pales and dries. For уничтожения клещей используют инсектициды
Flyoverm, Talstar, Flumeyt.

Капустная совка – это мотылек серого цвета.
Lays its eggs on the leaves from the bottom. Harm caused
зеленые гусеницы, выедая мякоть leaves. When a pest is found
it is necessary to use drugs Decis, Spark, Confidor,
Leptocide

Совка-гамма: бабочки серо-бурого цвета, летают
at dusk and at night. They themselves are not dangerous for plants. Hatched
from eggs greenish-yellow or green caterpillars gnaw leaves and
buds. Single caterpillars are collected by hand, with a large number
pests are used to spray dahlias with insecticides (Iskra-M,
Fufanon), a solution of wood ash (200g ash, 1 tablespoon
green soap on a bucket of water).

Слизни питаются сочными частями георгинов:
petioles, leaves, young stems. For их уничтожения используют
wet traps (wet rags, boards, vegetable residues). Can
pour around the plants “tracks” of crushed eggshell,
ash, crushed bricks. The use of chemicals only in extreme
cases.

Бронзовка мохнатая – черный жук с желтоватыми
or white spots on the sheath. Eats buds and flowers. Fighting
these is the mechanical shaking off of beetles from plants and
destruction. If there are a lot of pests, the application is justified.
Confidor.

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