Вт, 13 окт 2015 Автор: Артём Шиманский
Do you hurt too?
According to statistics, after neurological and toothache,
headache is the most difficult for patients and is
one of the most frequent reasons for seeking medical attention. Headache боль в
as an independent disease it does not stand out, it always
signals the presence of certain pathologies, and
of different nature: from neurological to vascular, etc.
Contents
• Often headache: what is a headache?
•Headache боль (или цефалгия, цефалгический синдром)
is a specific pain syndrome affecting the head
and, in part, the neck and collar area. By своему характеру
cephalgia can manifest itself extremely variably, both in localization,
and in character.
•Byстоянно болит голова: причины
•Ломит, дёргает, пульсирует, пронзает… Byчему? To ответить на
the question why the head often hurts – the reasons need to be sought in
development mechanism of this state. Byнять причины и механизм
developmental headache is impossible without minimal knowledge of anatomy.
Turn to the basics.
• Anatomical reference
• The following can be distinguished in the structure of head tissues
Items:
• – Primary “layer” (soft tissue). Includes skin (3
layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis), so-called �”Tendon helmet”
blood vessels, etc. All the structures of the soft tissues of the head are rich
supplied with neural tissues. However, the density of nerve receptors
strictly individual for each person, so even with one and
the same reason, the intensity of pain in two people will be substantially
vary.
• Still, it is worth noting that the nerve fibers of the soft tissues
penetrate not so deeply and end approximately at the level
tendon helmet. Byэтому боли при поражении мягких тканей будут
feel superficially.
• – Bones (bone structures). Includes the periosteum and themselves
bones. Inside the skull are special layers of empty
spaces filled with liquor: liquor. Bone not hurt
can. It is not equipped with nerve endings, but their periosteum
deeply penetrated. At elevated concentrations of CSF, tissue
periosteum compacted, resulting in nerve endings
Cephalgic syndrome develops in irritation.
• – Vascular system. The brain is richly supplied with blood and has
well developed circulatory system. Large vessels are excellent
innervated (equipped with nerve endings), so any
pathological processes, temporary or permanent, are felt very
acutely.
• – Muscular layer. The skull and neck are powerful enough.
muscular frame. Often, the headache acts secondary
syndrome of a myalgic (muscle) process.
• – Joints. The skull and spine have many joints.
Pathologies of the musculoskeletal system at the level of the head and
collar area cause heavy and painful head
the pains.
•If a постоянно болит что-то в голове — каковы механизмы
of this
• Regardless of the specific cause of the pain, the mechanism
They are based, in general, on a uniform process.
•As it was сказано, все структуры головы имеют сложную и очень
developed innervation. Pain syndrome occurs when
otherwise, irritation of the nerve endings occurs. In the area of
the skull there are larger nerves, irritation which leads
even more intense pains: trigeminal, wandering,
glossopharyngeal.
•Тем не less, каждое из патологических состояний
characterized by its own mechanism.
1.•Механизм развития по сосудистому типу.
Stenosis (narrowing) or occlusion (blockage) of the arteries and veins leads to
narrowing of the lumen and irritation of the nerve endings of large
blood lines. This is observed, for example, with developed
atherosclerosis, hypertension, vegetative-vascular dystonia
and etc.
2.•Миалгический (мышечный) механизм. Muscles like
known to possess contractility. This is the quality of muscle tissue.
achieved by conducting electrical nerve impulses
directly to the tissues. Accordingly, the muscles possess incredible
complex system of nerve endings. Any, even minor
muscle changes will surely respond strong
pain syndrome. The most frequent mechanism is
muscle spasm.
Spasms can occur both for subjective reasons (for example,
excessive activity of the nervous system, injury), and
objective reflex reasons (some diseases and
condition: hyperthyroidism, muscle tension in response to
osteochondrosis, etc.).
3.•Ликвородинамический механизм. Associated with
impaired circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along the cavities
skull and spinal cord. As a result, its excess occurs
compression of the periosteum and brain tissue is formed
sustained cephalgic syndrome. Observed, for example, when
hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure.
4.•Токсический и инфекционный механизмы.
Observed upon exposure to active chemical head structures
substances (salts calcium, phosphorus), and with some infectious
diseases (meningitis, due to which edema develops and
inflammation of the meninges and others).
5.•Неврологический механизм. In this case
cephalgia develops as a result of sensitive lesions.
nerve fibers.
6.•Смешанный механизм. In this case has
place a complex of several mechanisms, together leading to pain
syndrome.
Often headache – causes of this symptom
•• The causes of headache can be mass. All of them,
anyway, they are tied up on one mechanism or their complex.
1)•«Скачки» артериального давления. Can
wear both permanent and temporary. Arterial
pressure is able to change in more or less from the norm
(the physiological norm for an adult – 120-130 / 80, there are
exceptions). With hypotension (decrease in blood pressure) vascular tone of the head
the brain decreases, the blood arteries expand and this
irritates the roots of the vascular nerves. As a result, develops
headache. With hypertension (elevated blood pressure), the reverse is observed.
process (narrowing of the vascular lumen as a result of spasm), however,
pain is pulsating in nature and is more
intensity.
Lokazizatsiya: whiskey.
2)•Инфекционные заболевания. Pathogenic
microorganisms entering the blood begin to actively proliferate.
Their metabolic products are highly toxic.
Being carried along the bloodstream, they enter the blood vessels,
providing the brain and irritating nerve endings, provoking
pain.
Localization: forehead.
3)•Byражение челюстного сустава. Pain when
damage to the joint of the lower jaw, due to the high innervation, can
radiating to the head. The degree of intensity uncomfortable
sensations can be quite high.
Localization: whiskey, forehead.
4)•Перенапряжение организма (физическое,
psychological). Under stress, various types of surge,
lack of sleep constantly has a headache. Formed so-called. cephalgia (or
headache) tension. It occurs mainly in the morning
or evening hours, but wanes at night.
Localization: pain of obscure localization, dull, wandering,
bursting
5) Токсические отравления. Poisons, dangerous fumes
chemicals (mercury, carbon monoxide, etc.), alcohol (ethyl
alcohol) cause organic changes in the nervous structures of the brain
the brain. In case of poisoning with poisonous vapors, gas decreases
hemoglobin transport function, as a result – brain tissue, incl.
the nerves get annoyed by the lack of nutrition and
oxygen.
Cephalgia caused by the adoption of ethanol (called “hangover”)
due to swelling of the fibers of the brain nerves.
•••Localization: forehead. Pain arching or constricting (as if
hoop).
6)•Пиковые гормональные состояние и дисфункции
(PMS, pregnancy, etc.). Hormonal dysfunctions contribute to
unstable state of cerebral vessels (there is
excessive expansion, then stenosis). Cephalgia, in this case –
signal of impaired normal vascular function. Although such a headache
pain rarely entails any dangerous consequences for
There is no special reason for concern.
7)•Заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата
(development of osteophyte growths, cervical osteochondrosis, etc.). Headache
pain is also caused by innervation. Irradiating pain with data
патологиях отличается высокой intensity.
Localization: localized in the occipital region. Maybe stupid
(feeling hit with a hammer on the head), pulsing.
Неврологические проблемы (воспаление
trigeminal, facial nerve). Pain radiating. Due to
воспалением nerve fibers. Localized on one side.
Отличается высокой intensity. Bouts of neuralgic cephalgia
difficult to arrest.
One of the most severe, but at the same time, rare
Neurological diseases are cluster headaches. By
localization they are similar to migraine (temple, orbit), however
the intensity of the sensations is so great that the patients barely
stand up. There are many cases of attempted suicide. As it was
It is said that the probability of developing cluster headaches is less
0.2%.
Localization: one of the temples, face, eye socket. Pain throbbing
burning, “breaking”.
9)•Недостаточное питание. Lack of power in
during the day causes a decrease in blood glucose levels, and as
result, an attack of headache (after all, as you know, it is the brain
consumes the most amount of glucose entering the body for
own metabolic processes).
Localization: pain pulsing or aching (mostly),
wandering or with unclear localization.
10)•Злокачественные новообразование
adrenal glands. This is most often about pheochromocytoma.
Growing in the endocrine organ, the tumor contributes to excessive
making specific hormones. The patient develops the hardest
hypertension (so-called malignant hypertension) with peak
indicators from 180/120. At this pressure, the vessels are exposed
extremely high loads. Accordingly, headaches are also very
intense. Fortunately, the likelihood of developing pheochromocytoma – less
percent.
Localization: whiskey. Pain throbbing нестерпимая.
11)•Приступ мигрени. Migraine – Neurological
disease. It consists in the development of two parallel processes:
dilation of blood vessels and reducing their tone, resulting in
образуется отек нервных волокон и ощущается pain. Pain sensations
affect one part of the head and are localized mainly in
temples area.
Localization: whiskey. The pain is aching or throbbing.
12)•Прием лекарственных препаратов. Some
medicines can cause cephalgia, as a side effect
effect. These drugs include some vitamins (A),
nitroglycerin (salt-nitrates).
13)•Травмы головы. Related to damage
nerve fibers. By характеру напоминают боли от мигрени, но
intensity and duration are somewhat higher.
Byстоянно болит голова — методы диагностики
Headache боль — не болезнь, а физиологическое состояние и
characteristic of many diseases symptom. Need to diagnose
not the headache itself, but the initial disease that caused
cephalgia
If you constantly have a headache, it makes sense to suspect
следующие заболевания.
– Hypertension, hypotension. Two diametrically opposed
pathological conditions. In the first case – blood pressure
grows above the norm, in the second – falls below normal
indicators.
Treatment specialists: neurologist, cardiologist. If the disease
caused by endocrine pathology, such as the neuro-endocrine form
hypothalamic syndrome – endocrinologist.
Diagnostics: heart rate measurement, ECG ECHO KG.
– Vegetative vascular dystonia. Develops as a secondary
pathologies of the hypothalamic syndrome, which is often forgotten.
Treatment specialists: neurologist.
Diagnosis: a specific diagnosis is not required because
symptoms characteristic. In some cases – ECG, encephalography.
– SARS, colds, infectious lesions.
The attending specialist: therapist, ENT, infectious diseases.
Diagnosis: complete blood count, urinalysis,
biochemical blood examination, sputum examination, etc.
– Intracranial pressure.
The attending specialist: a neurologist.
Diagnosis: encephalography.
– Pathologies of the musculoskeletal system: osteochondrosis,
growth of osteophytes.
Treatment specialist: orthopedist, neurologist.
Diagnosis: radiography.
– Neurological diseases: VBN, migraine, etc.
The attending specialist: a neurologist.
Diagnosis: Doppler blood vessels (blood flow velocity in
vertebral and basilar arteries to eliminate
vertebro-basilar insufficiency), radiography.
Regardless of the type of pathology, the headache of any genesis should
be considered as potentially dangerous. For health need
follow closely.
Byэтому, если часто болит голова, следует незамедлительно
consult a general practitioner, cardiologist or neurologist (one might say
for the initial examination it is the most “universal” doctors). Also
should undergo a comprehensive examination. This will exclude
serious pathologies (and with a probability of 95% there are no serious pathologies)
and start treatment to get rid of so unpleasant
physiological manifestations.
Often hurts in the head – methods of treatment
Symptomatic headache treatment. Drink any
pain reliever and pain recede. For a while. If the patient wishes time and
forever eliminate cephalgia, it is necessary to fight the source.
Тем не less, для временного облегчения состояния есть несколько
recommendations.
– Vascular pain is almost always throbbing and follows the rhythm.
hearts. Локализуется в temples area. Speech that often hurts
head from changing blood pressure. Firstly
you must take a mild vasodilator
(nifedipine, and others). However, it is important to keep in mind. All vasodilators
medications – serious medicines with a mass of adverse
effects, and their uncontrolled use can lead to disastrous
results.
As a non-drug first aid sometimes
recommend hot water. But this is only partly true. It’s all about
that hot water leads to a dramatic expansion of blood vessels, to
this being in a spasm.
Sudden pressure drop can cause rupture of the vessel
(stroke). To achieve a therapeutic effect should
prepare a basin with warm (no more than 35-45 degrees) water and dip
hands and / or feet.
– Cephalgia caused by an infectious lesion. Byмогут
anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics (ketorol, nise,
Nurofen, etc.).
– Неврологическая pain. Stop a neurological attack
headache is extremely difficult. Well proven
antispasmodics and analgesics (No-shpa, ketorol, analgin, etc.).
– The pain of obscure origin. Most often, the headache is mixed
character, therefore, it is impossible to unambiguously understand what type it is. If a
the origin and cause of the pain are unclear, the best option would be
the use of antispasmodics and analgesics. In small dosages, they
do not pose a particular hazard, and also do not cause
addictive.
Anyway, it is strongly recommended to refer to the specified
higher specialists and go through the full examination.
Often headache – prevention
It is rather difficult to talk about headache prevention. If a
the reason lies in vascular disorders – here is the most careful
a person who promotes a healthy lifestyle is not immune from
vascular headache. As a headache prevention
vascular genesis recommendations are the same that give for
prevent the development of cardiovascular pathology.
More movement (moderate exercise), correct
food (minimum animal fat).
99% neurological pain occurs for three reasons:
inflammation of one of the large nerve, osteochondrosis, spondylosis. To
avoid the first – you need to stay in the cold as little as possible,
drafts, warm dress. To prevent the second, it’s important how
you can stay in the same position less (for example, in
sleep time), observe physical activity, keep
correct posture during sedentary work.
Cephalgia due to inflammation (infectious),
easy to prevent by following the recommendations for the prevention of influenza and
SARS.
Pain arising from overstrain (whether physical or
psychological) can be prevented only by avoiding stress and
increased physical activity (which is extremely difficult to do).
However, this type of pain easily passes by itself. Main recommendation
– more rest and less nervous.
For persons who have proven pathology, entailing cephalgia,
the best prevention will be fair treatment and
taking all recommended medications.
Thus, the headache is extremely variable and can occur
both in healthy people and those who have some kind of labo-pathology
cardiovascular, nervous or other system.
The etiology of a headache is difficult, therefore, to give uniform recommendations.
treatment, diagnosis and prevention is almost impossible.
Each case should be considered a competent doctor (and if
or rather, by a whole group of specialists) directly “on
place. “
